TECHNOLOGICA

L PROCESS
DESIGN PROCESS
Artist or Designer

 Which one are you?

Grand Ideas! Genius!

I think he has created another solution

What is the Design
Process?

Any
suggestions?
How do they solve their problems?

Guessing
Do they solve their problems

by
concentrating
on
other things ?
Or even by
trial and error
Both the Doctor and Bomb
Disposal Expert are
APPLYING
their knowledge, skills and
understanding in a
methodically way to solve
their problem.
 Both are trained to use a set sequence of actions to solve their
problems which is:

What is the problem

Investigate the problem
Formulate and select a plan
Execute the plan
Evaluate the action taken, does the problem
still exist?

 Who can now identify the stages in the

Doctor Patient interaction ?
 We call this
methodical sequence
of actions the Design
Process
 identifying or
clarifying a need or In nearly
opportunity
everything we do
 analysing, we use the
researching and
specifying design process
requirements

 generating ideas
and solutions

 developing the
chosen solution

 realising the
chosen solution

testing and
evaluating the
chosen solution
 What is one of
the disadvantages
of the design
process being in a
linear form?
How do these
kettles boil
water?
Which one would
you prefer to use
and why?
 Kettle boiling on a open flame is a linear process

Input Process Output

Why are users moving away from this design of kettle?

 This electric kettle
is a form of robot it
has a programmable
sequence
Input Process Output

Feedback

Its sensors keep monitoring and evaluating the stages in

the sequence so instead of a linear form it is a circular
form, therefore it turns itself off when the water has boiled.
It is a circular sequence of stages.
Can anyone explain?
The design process is therefore
developed from being a linear
form into a circular form hence
it is called the design cycle.
This design cycle forms
the heart of Design &
Technology.
It also is at the heart of
Human Behaviour a
necessary life skill.
 identifying or In nearly everything
clarifying a need or
opportunity we do we use the
 analysing, researching design process /cycle
and specifying
requirements

 generating ideas and

solutions

 developing the chosen

solution

 realising the chosen

solution

testing and evaluating

the chosen solution

Should be a circular or
Design Cycle, with
interaction between
stages, evaluation,
monitoring of events,
alternative being
constantly suggested and
up dated
 Design Process/ cycle
The six stages
in the design
cycle model . Identifyin
g
needs
 identifying or
clarifying a need or
opportunity
Evaluating Researching
 analysing,
researching and
specifying
requirements

 generating ideas
and solutions Realisin Generati
g ng
 developing the
solution ideas
chosen solution

 realising the chosen

solution Developin
g
 testing and solutions
evaluating the chosen
solution.
 Where in the Design sequence
would you employ a:
Architects,
Accountants,
Builders,
Quantity Surveyors.
Structural Engineers
Market Researcher
Model maker
Environmentalist
Aeronautics Engineer
All of these Identifyi
ng Geologists
needs
professions
use the Evaluating Researching

design cycle
in their work Realising
solution
Generatin
g
ideas

Developin
g
solutions
These products are all solutions to identified problems created
by people using the design cycle from problem to solution
BUT are they good designs?
 What is a well designed product ?
Good design is functional
Good design makes a product useful
Good design is aesthetically pleasing
A good design is intuitive
A good design makes good business
A good design is honest
A good design is long-lasting
A good design is user-oriented
A good design is unobtrusive
A good design is thorough – down to the last
detail
 Good design is functional
Good design makes a product useful
GOOD DESIGN? Good design is aesthetically pleasing
A good design is intuitive
A good design makes good business
A good design is honest
A good design is long-lasting
Local solution created to A good design is user-oriented
solve a problem A good design is unobtrusive
A good design is thorough – down to
the last detail
Larger problems can be broken down into smaller ones and solved
by using the design sequence. Where shall we store the oil?
We need concrete and lots of it? How much? How quick?
This is too slow. Give me a solution.
That’s better, What stage of the design sequence, produced a concrete pump
on site?
 Do you know where the oil storage tank is? By using the design sequence this was
selected as the chosen site. Look at the size of the man at the end, the TANK is

BIG
Even if designers follow the design sequence in my opinion they
don’t always get it correct .
Are these good design?
What are these
products designed
to do ?
How functional
are these
designs?
Which country
would this be
appropriate in?
Who would use these product?

Would they be a market for

such products?
What do you
think of these designs?
So what ‘s the problem now?

My brief was to build a road so I did.

 Heath Robinson

Golf club testing rig Package holiday

Good or bad designs or ideas for the future?

If design is the process where a solution to a
problem is formulated what is technology?

It is the current
knowledge and skills
that are available to
solve the identified
problem.
Opposite the problem is the
same,
Food
Warmth,
shelter .
Because of the available
technology the solutions are
different.
Methodology

• CASE STUDY TASKS – investigations which aim to

link learning in schools with technology in the
wider community

• RESOURCE TASKS – these are short, practical,

focused activities designed to teach a particular
piece of technical knowledge, design strategies,
making skills or values

• CAPABILITY TASKS - these tasks are based around

the steps of the technological process where
learners design, make and evaluate a product in
response to a need or a problem.
PROCESS

 Technological process is central to Technology

 Interaction of hand and brain, thinking and doing
 There are five main steps in the
technological/design process
IDENTIFY problem
DESIGN
MAKE
EVALUATE
COMMUNICATE solution
Process Continue

 The technological process is a series of steps

which are central to the design
 It leads from a problem to the development of a
solution
 In most cases there is re-design, re-make and re-
evaluate
 Process may be regarded as cyclical – each step is
integrated with the previous step
Basic Technological
Process
St
• Identify the problem
e
p
1
St
e • Design and Develop
p
2
st • Plan and Make
e
p
3
St
e • Test ,Evaluate and Communicate
p
4
 Extended Linear Process

Step
step2 Step4
6
• analysis • Plan • Evaluate
• situation • Design • make • communicate

step1 step3 step5

Technological Process as a
Cyclical Process

Situation/
problem
analysis

communica
te design

Researc
h
Evaluat
plan
e

Make
DESIGN PHASES

Design is implemented in two phases:

 Phase 1 – Research ( collect as much information
as possible)- consumer/appearance of
design/materials/construction methods/impact of
design on the environment. List design restrictions
and specifications.
 Phase 2 – Design Development
idea generation – to design document
 DESIGN CHECKLIST
CRITERIA TYPE OF INFORMATION REQUIRED POI CO
NTS M

Design Checklist
ME
NT
S

Who is the consumer? Describe the target group in terms of: age, gender, culture, value
systems, fields of interest and lifestyle.
What is the Function of Design what the design must do physically.
he design?  Structural/Civil
 Mechanical
 Electrical
What is the appearance of Describe the role of the appearance in the functioning of the design.
he design?  Aesthetics
 Rigidity
 Safety
 Strength
 Ergonomics
 Durability
 stability
Which materials are The characteristics of materials and suitability for function of design.
uitable for the design?  Strength
 Durability
 Cost

What construction Research of practical and suitable methods. May be influenced by

methods are suitable for equipment, tools, skills and costs
he Design?
What is the impact of the Manufacturing and use of the design. Positive and negative impact if
esign on the applicable.
nvironment?  Safety
Design restrictions- phase
1
 Factors that affect the outcome of the design
 Cost
 Time
 Mass production
 Available resources
 Durability
Design specifications-
phase 1
 List of requirements that a solution must meet
 Detailed description of the solution
 Specifications must be not restrictive and provide
information on what is required to solve the
problem.
 Not how the problem should be solved.
Design development-
Phase 2
 Idea generation- creative phase of design process-
may be sub-divided into 5 phases

n
preparatio incubation inspiration

verificatio Design
n document
How to plan and Assess

Needs analysis and description

• Identify a need or problem

• Writing a design brief
• Analysing the problem
• Drawing up specification

Design and development

• Doing research
• Generating ideas
• Developing ideas and selecting the best
• Communicating your ideas

Planning and making

• Planning -choosing materials

• -Equipment and processes
• -Working out costs
• -Making a working drawing
• Making - quality of construction
• - accuracy
• - finishing
• -appearance
• - safety

Testing and evaluating

• Test and evaluate

Recording and communicating

• Design portfolio to be completed

• displaying
Rich picture

• Mechanism – mechanical/electronic
• safety

Clock
• Cost-to sell/to make
• Materials-plastic/wood/metal
• Mass production-continuous/batch/mass

design
prod.
• Hands-modern/traditional
• Time –analog/digital
• Equipment –tools and machines
• Market-age group
Solution and working
drawing
 Final constructed drawing
 Usually consists of front, side and plan view
 Dimensions –so that it can be manufactured
 w/drawing – precise and drawn to scale
 Scale 1:1 1:2 1:5 1:10 1:100 etc

Refer to page 74 on the notes.

Parts list – part number
-no. off/required
-description
-materials
-dimensions
-finish
production

 Individual items
 Mass production and processes
 Quality control
 Sequence drawings- showing each stage of manufacturing
process
 Models and prototype
 Evaluating by Testing the designs
 Aesthetics
 Function –does it work
 Quality/materials
 Manufacturing processes
 Finishes
 Impact on the environment
 Cost and safety
Sorry Sir
but
according
to the
plans it
had to go
there.