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Lecture 01 Introduction to Psychology

The document provides an introduction to psychology, defining it as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior, and outlines its goals and various fields such as clinical, educational, and social psychology. It also discusses historical perspectives from figures like Hippocrates, Freud, and Wundt, and modern psychological perspectives including psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic approaches. Key concepts such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the influence of cultural factors on behavior are also highlighted.

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Usman Akbar
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0 views

Lecture 01 Introduction to Psychology

The document provides an introduction to psychology, defining it as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior, and outlines its goals and various fields such as clinical, educational, and social psychology. It also discusses historical perspectives from figures like Hippocrates, Freud, and Wundt, and modern psychological perspectives including psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic approaches. Key concepts such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the influence of cultural factors on behavior are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

Usman Akbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 01

Introduction
to
Psychology
CONTENTS
• Definition
• Goals of Psychology
• Fields of psychology
• Nature and Scope of Psychology
• Historical Perspectives of Psychology
• Modern Perspectives in Psychology
• Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and
behavior.
• The term psychology comes from the Greek roots psyche meaning
soul & mind and logos meaning to study. thus ,it becomes the study of
behaviour and mental processes.
• Behavior: The way in which a person behaves in response to a
particular situation or stimulus.
• Mental processes :Internal experiences such as behaviour, thoughts
and feelings.
• A professional practitioner or researcher involved in the discipline is
called a Psychologist.
Goals of Psychology
Fields of Psychology
• Bio Psychology: It analyse how the brain and
neurotransmitters influence our behaviours,
thoughts and feelings.
• Educational Psychology : Tasked with the
job of educational testing and curriculum
development.
• Clinical Psychology : Refers to the therapy of
a struggling affected person.
• Social Psychology : Any area that deals with
the study of people and how they interact with
their environment and each other in society.
• Industrial-organizational Psychology : It
mainly works for the betterment and well-
being of an organization.
• Sports psychology : It is the study of how
psychological factors influence sports, athletic
performance, exercise, and physical activity.
Historical perspective
• Hippocrates
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Sigmund Freud
• Ivan Pavlov
• Abraham Maslow
In 430 bc. Hippocrates believed that mental illness
is caused by four major bodily liquids black bile ,yellow
bile, phlegm and blood.

• In 1879 William Wundt founded first


psych laboratory in Germany and gave
the concept of structuralism.
• He is also known as the Father of Psychology
• In 1900 Sigmund Freud gave the concept
of conscious and unconscious mind.

• He also gave the concept of Hypnosis,


Free Association and Dream Analysis.

• Also worked on psychoanalytical approach.


• Ivan Pavlov in 1905 used
conditioning of dogs to show
that behaviour is learned.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Perspectives in psychology
• Psychodynamic : It
focuses on the
unconscious mind
rather than conscious
mind.
• Big Names :
Freud ,Carl Jung
• Behavioural :The
behaviourist perspective
is concerned with how
environmental factors
(called stimuli) affect
observable behaviour
(called the response).
• Conditioning and learning
focus.
• Big names :Skinner,
Watson
• Cognitive : Cognitive
psychology is the scientific
study of mental processes
such as attention,
language use, memory,
perception, problem solving,
creativity, and reasoning.
• Big names : Piaget
• Biological : It is concerned
primarily with the
relationship between
psychological processes and
the underlying physiological
events or, in other
words, the mind-body
phenomenon.
• Big names : Olds , Sperry etc.
• Cross
cultural :That
looks at how
cultural factors
influence human
behaviour.
• Big names: Johann
Friedrich Herbart
• Evolutionary
Evolutionary
psychology is a
theoretical approach to
psychology that
attempts to explain
useful mental and
psychological traits—
such as memory,
perception, or language
as adaptations, i.e., as
the functional products
of natural selection.
• Big Names :Charles
Darwin
• Humanistic : It is a way of evaluating an
individual’s Self-Concept and Self-Esteem.
• Big Names :Maslow and Rogers

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