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Ch9 Communication

The document provides a comprehensive overview of communication, including its concept, features, functions, and processes. It discusses various types of communication, communication networks, barriers to effective communication, and measures to overcome these barriers. Additionally, it addresses current issues in communication such as gender differences and electronic communication.

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Anil Dangol
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4 views

Ch9 Communication

The document provides a comprehensive overview of communication, including its concept, features, functions, and processes. It discusses various types of communication, communication networks, barriers to effective communication, and measures to overcome these barriers. Additionally, it addresses current issues in communication such as gender differences and electronic communication.

Uploaded by

Anil Dangol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9

COMMUNICATION

By Advance Saraswati Prakashan Pvt. Ltd


Sankhamul, 01-4780359
Learning Objectives
After comprehensive studying of this chapter, learners will be able to:
 Know the concept, features, functions and process of communication
 Explain the system and types of communication
 Describe the communication network
 Explain the barriers to effective communication
 Describe the measures overcoming communication barriers
 Explain the current issues in communication

04/21/2025 2
Concept of Communication

Communication is the transformation of information from one person to another to fulfill


common interest.

It is the exchange of facts, opinions, ideas, suggestions and other information

"Communication is "an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more


persons."
Newman and Summer

"Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another."


 Ricky W. Griffin

"Communication is the transmission of information and understanding through the use


common symbols."
 Ivancevich, Donnelly and Gibson

"Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to receiver with the


information being understood by the receiver."
 Koontz and Weihrich
Nature/Features of Communication

1. Minimum Two Persons

2. Two Way Process

3. Pervasive Function

4. Complete and Rational Process

5. Continuous Function

6. Oral or Written

7. Formal or Informal

8. Basis of Action & Coordination


Functions of Communication

1. Providing Information

2. Persuasion

3. Maintaining Control

4. Support for Decision

5. Motivating Employees

6. Interaction

7. Providing Feedback
Process of Communication
System of Communication

1. Horizontal Communication
It is the flow of information among the managers having equal level of authority.

2. Vertical Communication
It is the flow of information from superior to subordinates and again from
subordinates to superiors.

3. Diagonal Communication
It is the flow of information from manager of one department to subordinate of
another department.
Types of Communication

1. Formal Communication
Formal communication is an official form of communication that flows through
formally constituted channels of the organization.

there are three forms of formal communication: downward, upward and sideward.

2. Informal Communication
It is an unofficial form of communication.

In informal communication, information flows through any channel which is free from
official restriction.

Informal communication is more flexible and faster than formal communication.


Contd…

3. Interpersonal Communication
Communication that takes place between two individuals or group of individuals in
face-to-face or through direct contact is known as interpersonal communication.
It is also known as two-way communication.
This is the primary means of communication in the workplace.
It consists of two types e.g. oral and written.

4. Non-verbal Communication
The transmission and receipt of messages by some medium other than oral or written
is non-verbal communication.
It often relies on facial expression, body movement, physical contact, gestures etc. It
is often used to supplement oral communication.
It is very useful to express feelings, attitude, and emotions.
Communication Networks/ Structure

1. Formal Networks:
Contd…

1. Wheel Network
In wheel network, top level manager is the source of information. He collects,
generates and disseminates information to all.

2. Chain Network
Chain network is the vertical form of communication in which a person can
communicate only with his immediate superior and subordinate.

3. Circle Network
Circle network is the horizontal form of communication in which a person can
communicate only to the persons next to his right or left

4. All Channel Network


In all channel networks, all members can communicate to all the members without
any formal restriction.
2. Informal Network:
Contd…

1. Chain/Single Strand Network


In this communication network, one person tells one message to another person and he
communicates that message to another third person. The third person also tells the same
message to another one person and so on

2. Gossip Network
In this network of communication, at the initial stage, one person communicates
information to a group of persons. After that, all the persons in the communication
network talk one another informally

3. Probability Network
In probability network, at the beginning stage one person communicates a particular
message to few persons randomly. Then second persons randomly tell same message to
other persons.

4. Cluster Network
Cluster network is an informational network where someone first tells the message to the
selected individuals. Again, those selected individuals pass the same information to other
selected persons and the process will continue in the same way.
Barriers to Effective Communication

Organizational Barriers
1. Organizational Policy
2. Organizational Rules and Regulation
3. Lengthy Scalar Chain
4. One-way Communication System
5. Lack of Confidence in Subordinates

Physical Barriers
6. Physical Distance
7. Structure
8. Office Design
9. Noise
Contd…

Psychological Barriers
1. Distrust of Communicator
2. Superiority Complex
3. Individual Perception
4. Premature Evaluation
5. No Attention

Semantic Barriers
6. Harsh Language
7. Vague Language
8. Misleading Translation
9. Technical Language
Contd…

Technological Barriers
1. Mechanical Barriers
2. Loss of Transmission
3. Information Overload
4. Insufficient Period Allowed
Measures Overcoming Communication Barriers

1. Effective Listening
2. Utilizing Feedback
3. Regulating Information Flow
4. Two Way Communication
5. Simplifying Language
6. Avoid Information Overload
7. Create an Environment of Trust and Confidence
8. Reduce Psychological Barriers
Current Issues Concerning Communication

1. Gender Differences
2. Cross-cultural
3. Politically Corrected Communication
4. Electronic Communication
5. Privacy in Communication
Any Question?

Contact Us for More Information


Sankhamul, Kathmandu
01-4750359, 9843262646
www.advancesaraswati.com
[email protected]
04/21/2025 20

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