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Practical Research i Module 2

The document outlines the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research, emphasizing the systematic and critical nature of research while adhering to ethical standards. Key ethical principles include informed consent, honesty, integrity, and respect for intellectual property, ensuring responsible conduct in research. It also highlights the rights of research participants and the importance of avoiding misconduct such as plagiarism.

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jahnbenedichasia
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2 views

Practical Research i Module 2

The document outlines the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research, emphasizing the systematic and critical nature of research while adhering to ethical standards. Key ethical principles include informed consent, honesty, integrity, and respect for intellectual property, ensuring responsible conduct in research. It also highlights the rights of research participants and the importance of avoiding misconduct such as plagiarism.

Uploaded by

jahnbenedichasia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

ENGR. KEANU D. DISCARGA


The Characteristics, Processes,
and Ethics of Research
Answer these questions:

1.What is the process in making


research?
2.What is the meaning of ethics in
research?
Research
Research is a process of gathering, analysing and
interpreting information to answer questions. A good
research follows processes that must have certain
characteristic. It must be systematic, controlled, rigorous,
valid and verifiable, empirical and critical. To avoid unethical
practices researchers had obligations to adhere professional
standards in conducting research .Thus, to consider a
research writing ethical it must be clear, accurate, just and
authentic.
Characteristics of Research

Analytical
• Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the
data whether historical, descriptive, and experiment or case
study
Critical
• Research exhibits careful and precise judgment

Methodical
• Research is conducted in methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures
Replicability
• The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
Characteristics of Research
Empirical
• Research is based on direct experience or observation by
the observer.
Logical
• Research is based on valid procedures and principles

Cyclical
• Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a
problem and ends with a problem
Define and
develop your topic

Find background
Define a new
information about
problem
your chosen topic

Process in
making a
Formulate the Plan your research
conclusion and Research Study design including
recommendation your sample

Gather necessary
Processa and
data using close-
analyze data using
ended
statistical tools
questionnaire
Ethics in Research
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct
of research which educates and monitors researchers to
ensure high standard. It promotes the aim of research such
as expanding knowledge and supports the values required
for collaborative work such as mutual respect and fairness.
Ethics in Research
1. Informed consent- This is required to secure in order
protect the rights of the participants in your study. Inform
your participants about the criteria set for choosing them
as informants and the schedule of one-on-one interview
at the convenient time they are available. Participation to
the study will be completely voluntary.
2. Honesty - It report data, results, methods and
procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate,
falsify and misrepresent the data.
3. Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant
writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
Ethics in Research
4. Integrity - Keep your promises and agreements; act with
sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
5. Carefulness - Avoid careless errors and negligence;
carefully and critically examine your work and the work of
peers. Keep good records of research activities.
6. Openness - Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources.
Be open to criticism and new ideas
7. Respect for Intellectual Property - Honour patents,
copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of
intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished
data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit
where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify.
Ethics in Research
8. Confidentiality - Protect confidential communications, such
as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel
records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
9. Responsible Publication - Publish in order to advance
research and scholarship, not to advance your own career.
Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
10.Respect for Colleagues - Respect your colleagues’ opinion,
treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.
11.Non-discrimination - Avoid discrimination against
colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity,
or other factors that are not related to their scientific
competence and integrity.
Rights of Research Participants
HUMAN • They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of
RIGHTS human behavior and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights

INTELLECTUAL • It protects creation of the minds, which both have moral and commercial
PROPOPERTY values

COPYRIGHT • It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without


INFRINGEMEN permission of the copyright holder.
T
• People must not be coerced into participating in research process. The
VOLUNTARY prospective participants must be informed about the procedures and risks
PARTICIPATION involved in the research

• It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or


ANONYMITY not exposing their identity.

PRIVACY • It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret
Examples of Copyright Infringement

Downloading movies and music without proper payment

Recording movies in a theatre

Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission

Creating videos with unlicensed music clips

Copying information on the internet without giving proper


credit
Ethical Standards in Research Writing
Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification,
or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest error of differences of
opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding
agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the
same institution to receive grants.

Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s


ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit.
It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original
works, a violation of intellectual property rights. Three
different acts are considered plagiarism:
1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks,
and.
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own

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