Scribd
Upload
2 views

CSC 101 Intro to Computer Lecture 4

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, covering various classifications such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, as well as different network topologies including Star, Ring, and Bus. It explains the advantages of computer networks, such as resource sharing and communication, and details the characteristics of each topology type. Additionally, it discusses hybrid topologies which combine multiple network structures.

Uploaded by

desmondmollo33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

CSC 101 Intro to Computer Lecture 4

This document provides an introduction to computer networks, covering various classifications such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, as well as different network topologies including Star, Ring, and Bus. It explains the advantages of computer networks, such as resource sharing and communication, and details the characteristics of each topology type. Additionally, it discusses hybrid topologies which combine multiple network structures.

Uploaded by

desmondmollo33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

CSC 101 – 2 Units


LECTURE FOUR

Computer Networks
LECTURE OUTLINE
 Classification of Network
 LAN
 MAN
 WAN
 Client/Server Network
 Peer-to-Peer Network (Work Group)
 Network Topology
o Star Topology
o Ring Topology
o Bus Topology
 Review questions
Computer Network
Computer systems and peripherals are connected to form
a network. They provide numerous advantages:
 Resource sharing such as printers and storage devices
 Exchange of information by means of e-Mails and FTP
 Information sharing by using Web or Internet
 Interaction with other users using dynamic web pages
 IP phones
 Video conferences
 Parallel computing
 Instant messaging
Computer Network Contd.
• Generally, networks are distinguished based
on their geographical span. A network can be
as small as distance between your mobile
phone and its Bluetooth headphone and as
large as the internet itself, covering the whole
geographical world.
Bluetooth Network
NETWORK TOPLOGIES
•A Network Topology is the arrangement with
which computer systems or network devices are
connected to each other. Topologies may define
both physical and logical aspect of the network.
Both logical and physical topologies could be
same or different in a same network.
Point-to-Point
Point-to-point networks contains exactly two hosts
such as computer, switches or routers, servers
connected back to back using a single piece of
cable. Often, the receiving end of one host is
connected to sending end of the other and vice-
versa. If the hosts are connected point-to-point
logically, then may have multiple intermediate
devices. But the end hosts are unaware of
underlying network and see each other as if they
are connected directly.
Point-to-Point Network Diagram
Bus Topology
In case of Bus topology, all devices share single
communication line or cable. Bus topology may have problem
while multiple hosts sending data at the same time.
Therefore, Bus topology either uses CSMA/CD technology or
recognizes one host as Bus Master to solve the issue. It is one
of the simple forms of networking where a failure of a device
does not affect the other devices. But failure of the shared
communication line can make all other devices stop
functioning. Both ends of the shared channel have line
terminator. The data is sent in only one direction and as soon
as it reaches the extreme end, the terminator removes the
data from the line.
BUS TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Star Topology
All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central device, known
as hub device, using a point-to-point connection. That is, there
exists a point to point connection between hosts and hub. The hub
device can be any of the following:
•Layer-1 device such as hub or repeater
•Layer-2 device such as switch or bridge
•Layer-3 device such as router or gateway

As in Bus topology, hub acts as single point of failure. If hub fails,


connectivity of all hosts to all other hosts fails. Every
communication between hosts, takes place through only the hub.
Star topology is not expensive as to connect one more host, only
one cable is required and configuration is simple.
STAR TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Ring Topology
In ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly
two other machines, creating a circular network
structure. When one host tries to communicate or send
message to a host which is not adjacent to it, the data
travels through all intermediate hosts. To connect one
more host in the existing structure, the administrator
may need only one more extra cable. Failure of any host
results in failure of the whole ring. Thus, every
connection in the ring is a point of failure. There are
methods which employ one more backup ring.
RING TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Mesh Topology

In this type of topology, a host is connected to


one or multiple hosts. This topology has hosts in
point-to-point connection with every other host
or may also have hosts which are in point-to-
point connection to few hosts only. Hosts in
Mesh topology also work as relay for other hosts
which do not have direct point-to-point links.
Mesh Topology Contd.
Mesh technology comes into two types:

Full Mesh: All hosts have a point-to-point connection to


every other host in the network. Thus for every new host
n(n−1)/2 connections are required. It provides the most
reliable network structure among all network topologies.

Partially Mesh: Not all hosts have point-to-point connection


to every other host. Hosts connect to each other in some
arbitrarily fashion. This topology exists where we need to
provide reliability to some hosts out of all.
MESH TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Tree Topology
•This is also known as Hierarchical Topology, this is the most
common form of network topology in use today. This topology
imitates as extended Star topology and inherits properties of bus
topology.
•This topology divides the network in to multiple levels/layers of
network. Mainly in LANs, a network is bifurcated into three types
of network devices. The lowermost is access-layer where
computers are attached. The middle layer is known as distribution
layer, which works as mediator between upper layer and lower
layer. The highest layer is known as core layer, and is central point
of the network, i.e. root of the tree from which all nodes fork. All
neighboring hosts have point-to-point connection between them.
TREE TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Daisy Chain

This topology connects all the hosts in a linear


fashion. Similar to Ring topology, all hosts are
connected to two hosts only, except the end
hosts. Means, if the end hosts in daisy chain are
connected then it represents Ring topology.
Each link in daisy chain topology represents
single point of failure. Every link failure splits the
network into two segments. Every intermediate
host works as relay for its immediate hosts.
DAISY CHAIN TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Hybrid Topology

•A network structure whose design contains more than


one topology is said to be hybrid topology.

•Hybrid topology inherits merits and demerits of all the


incorporating topologies. The above picture represents an
arbitrarily hybrid topology. The combining topologies may
contain attributes of Star, Ring, Bus, and Daisy-chain
topologies. Most WANs are connected by means of Dual-
Ring topology and networks connected to them are mostly
Star topology networks. Internet is the best example of
largest Hybrid topology
HYBRID TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM
Review Questions

You might also like