Session 2020

Chapter

2
ENGINEERING STATICS
Introduction

• The objective for the current chapter is to investigate the effects of forces
on particles:
- replacing multiple forces acting on a particle with a single
equivalent or resultant force,
- relations between forces acting on a particle that is in a
state of equilibrium.

• The focus on particles does not imply a restriction to miniscule bodies.

Rather, the study is restricted to analyses in which the size and shape of
the bodies is not significant so that all forces may be assumed to be
applied at a single point.
Resultant of Two Forces

• force: action of one body on another;

characterized by its point of application,
magnitude, line of action, and sense.

• Experimental evidence shows that the

combined effect of two forces may be
represented by a single resultant force.

• The resultant is equivalent to the diagonal of

a parallelogram which contains the two
forces in adjacent legs.

• Force is a vector quantity.

Vectors
• Vector: parameters possessing magnitude and direction
which add according to the parallelogram law. Examples:
displacements, velocities, accelerations.
• Scalar: parameters possessing magnitude but not
direction. Examples: mass, volume, temperature
• Vector classifications:
- Fixed or bound vectors have well defined points of
application that cannot be changed without affecting
an analysis.
- Free vectors may be freely moved in space without
changing their effect on an analysis.
- Sliding vectors may be applied anywhere along their
line of action without affecting an analysis.
• Equal vectors have the same magnitude and direction.
• Negative vector of a given vector has the same magnitude
and the opposite direction.
Addition of Vectors
• Parallelogram law for vector addition

• Triangle rule for vector addition

• Law of cosines,
C
B R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
  
C R P  Q
• Law of sines,
sin A sin B sin C
 
B Q R A
• Vector addition is commutative,
   
P  Q Q  P
• Vector subtraction
Addition of Vectors
• Addition of three or more vectors through
repeated application of the triangle rule

• The polygon rule for the addition of three or

more vectors.
• Vector addition is associative,
        
P  Q  S P  Q  S  P  Q  S 

• Multiplication of a vector by a scalar

External and Internal Forces
• Forces acting on rigid bodies are
divided into two groups:
- External forces
- Internal forces

• External forces are shown in a

free-body diagram.
Principle of Transmissibility: Equivalent
Forces
• Principle of Transmissibility -
Conditions of equilibrium or motion
are not affected by transmitting a force
along its line of action.
NOTE: F and F’ are equivalent forces.

• Moving the point of application of

the force F to the rear bumper
does not affect the motion or the
other forces acting on the truck.

• Principle of transmissibility may

not always apply in determining
internal forces and deformations.
Resultant of Several Concurrent Forces
• Concurrent forces: set of forces which all
pass through the same point.

A set of concurrent forces applied to a

particle may be replaced by a single
resultant force which is the vector sum of
the applied forces.

• Vector force components: two or more force

vectors which, together, have the same effect
as a single force vector.
Sample Problem 1

SOLUTION:
• Graphical solution - construct a
parallelogram with sides in the same
direction as P and Q and lengths in
proportion. Graphically evaluate the
resultant which is equivalent in direction
and proportional in magnitude to the the
diagonal.
The two forces act on a bolt at
A. Determine their resultant. • Trigonometric solution - use the triangle
rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.
Sample Problem 1

• Graphical solution - A parallelogram with sides

equal to P and Q is drawn to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the diagonal to the parallelogram are measured,
R 98 N  35

• Graphical solution - A triangle is drawn with P

and Q head-to-tail and to scale. The magnitude
and direction of the resultant or of the third
side of the triangle are measured,

R 98 N  35
Sample Problem 1
• Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.
From the Law of Cosines,
R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
40N 2  60N 2  240N 60N cos155
R 97.73N

From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B

Q R
Q
sin A sin B
R
60N
sin155
97.73N
A 15.04
 20  A
 35.04
Sample Problem 2
SOLUTION:
• Find a graphical solution by applying the
Parallelogram Rule for vector addition. The
parallelogram has sides in the directions of
the two ropes and a diagonal in the direction
of the barge axis and length proportional to
5000 lbf.
A barge is pulled by two tugboats.
If the resultant of the forces • Find a trigonometric solution by applying
exerted by the tugboats is 5000 lbf the Triangle Rule for vector addition. With
directed along the axis of the the magnitude and direction of the resultant
barge, determine known and the directions of the other two
sides parallel to the ropes given, apply the
a) the tension in each of the ropes Law of Sines to find the rope tensions.
for a = 45o, • The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is
b) the value of a for which the determined by applying the Triangle Rule
tension in rope 2 is a minimum. and observing the effect of variations in a.
Sample Problem 2

• Graphical solution - Parallelogram Rule

with known resultant direction and
magnitude, known directions for sides.
T1 3700 lbf T2 2600 lbf

• Trigonometric solution - Triangle Rule

with Law of Sines
T1 T2 5000 lbf
 
sin 45 sin 30 sin105

T1 3660 lbf T2 2590 lbf

Sample Problem 2
• The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is
determined by applying the Triangle Rule
and observing the effect of variations in a.

• The minimum tension in rope 2 occurs when

T1 and T2 are perpendicular.

T2 5000 lbf sin 30 T2 2500 lbf

T1 5000 lbf cos 30 T1 4330 lbf

 90  30  60

Rectangular Components of a Force: Unit Vectors

• May resolve a force vector into perpendicular

components so that the resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. Fx and Fy are referred to as rectangular
vector components and
  
F  Fx  Fy
 
• Define perpendicular unit vectors i and j which are
parallel to the x and y axes.

• Vector components may be expressed as products of

the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of the
vector components.
  
F  Fx i  Fy j

Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of F
Addition of Forces by Summing Components
• Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more
concurrent forces,
   
R P  Q  S

• Resolve each force into rectangular components

       
R x i  R y j  Px i  Py j  Q x i  Q y j  S x i  S y j
 
Px  Q x  S x i  Py  Q y  S y j
• The scalar components of the resultant are equal
to the sum of the corresponding scalar
components of the given forces.
R x  Px  Q x  S x R y  Py  Q y  S y
 Fx  F y
• To find the resultant magnitude and direction,
2 2  1 Ry
R  Rx  R y  tan
Rx
Sample Problem 3

SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.

• Determine the components of the

resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.
• Calculate the magnitude and direction
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. of the resultant.
Determine the resultant of the force
on the bolt.
Sample Problem 3
SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
force mag x  comp y  comp

F1 150  129.9  75.0

F2 80  27.4  75.2

F3 110 0  110.0

F4 100  96.6  25.9
R x 199.1 R y 14.3
• Determine the components of the resultant by
adding the corresponding force components.
• Calculate the magnitude and direction.

R  199.12  14.32 R 199.6 N

14.3 N
tan     4. 1
199.1 N
Sample Problem 4

SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
y
𝐹
𝛽𝑭
𝒚

x
𝑭𝒙
Determine the x- and y-components 𝑭 𝒚 = 𝐹 cos β 𝒋=100 cos ( 10 ) 𝒋=98.5 𝒋 𝑁
and n- and t-components of the force 𝑭 𝒙 = 𝐹 sin β 𝒊=100 sin ( 10 ) 𝒊=− 17.4 𝒊 𝑁
which is exerted by the rod AB on
the crank OA.
Evaluate your general expression
for ,,
Sample Problem 4

SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
𝑦
𝑡 𝐹
𝛽 𝑛
𝜃
𝑭𝒕 90 −
𝜃
𝑭𝒏 𝑥
Determine the x- and y-components 𝑭 𝒏 = 𝐹 cos ( 90 − 𝜃 + β ) 𝒏=100 cos ( 70 ) 𝒏=34.2 𝒏 𝑁
and n- and t-components of the force 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝐹 sin ( 90 − 𝜃 + β ) 𝒕= 100 sin ( 70 ) 𝒕= 94 𝒕 𝑁
which is exerted by the rod AB on
the crank OA.
Evaluate your general expression
for ,,
Effect of Force System
• Treatment of a body as a single particle is not always possible. In
general, the size of the body and the specific points of application of the
forces must be considered.

• Next topic describes the effect of forces exerted on a rigid body and how to
replace a given system of forces with a simpler equivalent system.
• moment of a force about a point
• moment of a force about an axis
• moment due to a couple

• Any system of forces acting on a rigid body can be replaced by an

equivalent system consisting of one force acting at a given point and one
couple.
Vector Product of Two Vectors
• Concept of the moment of a force about a point is
more easily understood through applications of
the vector product or cross product.

• Vector product of two vectors P and Q is defined

as the vector V which satisfies the following
conditions:
1. Line of action of V is perpendicular to plane
containing P and Q.
2. Magnitude of V is V  PQ sin
3. Direction of V is obtained from the right-hand
rule.

• Vector products:
- are not commutative, Q P  P Q 
- are distributive, P Q1  Q2   P Q1  P Q2
- are not associative, P Q S  P Q S 
Moment of a Force About a Point
• A force vector is defined by its magnitude and
direction. Its effect on the rigid body also depends
on it point of application.
• The moment of F about O is defined as
M O r F
• The moment vector MO is perpendicular to the
plane containing O and the force F.
• Magnitude of MO measures the tendency of the force
to cause rotation of the body about an axis along
MO. M O rF sin  Fd

The sense of the moment may be determined by the

• right-hand rule.
Any force F’ that has the same magnitude and
direction as F, is equivalent if it also has the same line
of action and therefore, produces the same moment.
Moment of a Force About a Point
• Two-dimensional structures have length and breadth but
negligible depth and are subjected to forces contained in
the plane of the structure.

• The plane of the structure contains the point O and the

force F. MO, the moment of the force about O is
perpendicular to the plane.

• If the force tends to rotate the structure counterclockwise,

the sense of the moment vector is out of the plane of the
structure and the magnitude of the moment is positive.

• If the force tends to rotate the structure clockwise, the

sense of the moment vector is into the plane of the
structure and the magnitude of the moment is negative.
Varignon’s Theorem

• The moment about a give point O of the

resultant of several concurrent forces is equal
to the sum of the moments of the various
moments about the same point O.
      
r F1  F2   r F1  r F2  

• Varigon’s Theorem makes it possible to

replace the direct determination of the
moment of a force F by the moments of two
or more component forces of F.
Rectangular Components of the Moment of a Force

For two-dimensional structures,

⃗𝑀 =( 𝑥 𝐹 −𝑦𝐹 ) ⃗𝑘
𝑂 𝑦 𝑥

⃗𝑀 =[ ( 𝑥 −𝑥 ) 𝐹 −( 𝑦 −𝑦 ) 𝐹 ] ⃗𝑘
𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝑦 𝐴 𝐵 𝑥
Sample Problem 3.1

A 100-lb vertical force is applied to the end of a

lever which is attached to a shaft at O.
Determine:
a) moment about O,
b) horizontal force at A which creates the same
moment,
c) smallest force at A which produces the same
moment,
d) location for a 240-lb vertical force to produce
the same moment,
e) whether any of the forces from b, c, and d is
equivalent to the original force.
Sample Problem 3.1
a) Moment about O is equal to the product of the
force and the perpendicular distance between the
line of action of the force and O. Since the force
tends to rotate the lever clockwise, the moment
vector is into the plane of the paper.

M O  Fd
d 24 in.cos 60 12 in.
M O 100 lb12 in. M O 1200 lb in
Sample Problem 3.1
c) Horizontal force at A that produces the same
moment,
d 24 in.sin 60 20.8 in.
M O  Fd
1200 lb in.  F 20.8 in.
1200 lb in.
F F 57.7 lb
20.8 in.
Sample Problem 3.1
c) The smallest force A to produce the same moment
occurs when the perpendicular distance is a
maximum or when F is perpendicular to OA.

M O  Fd
1200 lb in.  F 24 in.
1200 lb in.
F F 50 lb
24 in.
Sample Problem 3.1

d) To determine the point of application of a 240 lb

force to produce the same moment,

M O  Fd
1200 lb in. 240 lbd
1200 lb in.
d 5 in.
240 lb
OB cos60 5 in. OB 10 in.
Sample Problem 3.1

e) Although each of the forces in parts b), c), and d)

produces the same moment as the 100 lb force, none
are of the same magnitude and sense, or on the same
line of action. None of the forces is equivalent to the
100 lb force.
Moment of a Couple
• Two forces F and -F having the same magnitude,
parallel lines of action, and opposite sense are
said to form a couple.

• Moment of the couple,

    
M rA F  rB  F 
  
rA  rB F
 
r F
M rF sin  Fd

• The moment vector of the couple is

independent of the choice of the origin of the
coordinate axes, i.e., it is a free vector that
can be applied at any point with the same
effect.
Moment of a Couple

Two couples will have equal moments if

• F1d1  F2 d 2

• the two couples lie in parallel planes, and

• the two couples have the same sense or

the tendency to cause rotation in the same
direction.
Sample Problem 3.6
SOLUTION:
• The applied couple is resolved in its
components and apply the moment of a
couple equation to find force component.

• The force F is then computed from its

scalar component.

The top view of a revolving entrance

door is shown. Two persons
simultaneously approach the door and
exert force of equal magnitudes as
shown. If the resulting moment about the
door pivot axis at O is , determine the
force magnitude F.
Sample Problem 3.6
SOLUTION:
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑥 • The applied couple is resolved in its
components and apply the moment of a
couple equation to find force
component.
𝑀 𝑂 =𝐹 𝑥 𝑑

𝑀𝑂 25
𝐹𝑥 𝐹 𝑥= = =15.6 𝑁
𝐹𝑦 𝑑 0.8+ 0.8

• The force F is then computed from its

scalar component.
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 15
𝐹𝑥 15.6
𝐹= = =16.18 𝑁
cos 15 ° cos 15°
Resolution of a Force Into a Force at O and a Couple

• Force vector F can not be simply moved to O without modifying its

action on the body.
• Attaching equal and opposite force vectors at O produces no net
effect on the body.
• The three forces may be replaced by an equivalent force vector and
couple vector, i.e, a force-couple system.
Sample Problem 3.7
SOLUTION:
• Apply two equal and opposite forces at
point O and identify a moment by a couple.

Replace the horizontal 80- force 𝑀 𝑂 =𝐹𝑑

acting on the lever by an
equivalent system consisting of a 𝑑=9 𝑠𝑖𝑛60 °=7.8 𝑖𝑛
force at and a couple.
𝑀 𝑂 =( 80 ) ( 7.8 ) =624 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝐶𝑊
Resultant of a system of forces

The resultant of a system of forces is the simplest force combination which can
replace the original forces without altering the external effect on the rigid body
to which the forces are applied.

Using Principle of
Transmissibility
Principle of Moments
Sample Problem 3.8

SOLUTION:
a) Compute the resultant force for the
force-system shown and the
resultant couple for the moments
of the forces about A.

b) Find an equivalent force-couple

For the beam, reduce the system of system at B based on the force-
forces shown to (a) an equivalent couple system at A.
force-couple system at A, (b) an
equivalent force couple system at B, c) Determine the point of application
and (c) a single force or resultant. for the resultant force such that its
Note: Since the support reactions are moment about A is equal to the
not included, the given system will resultant couple at A.
not maintain the beam in equilibrium.
Sample Problem 3.8
SOLUTION:
a) Compute the resultant force and the
resultant couple at A.
 
R  F
   
150 N  j  600 N  j  100 N  j  250 N  j
 
R  600 N  j
R  
M A  r F 
   
1.6 i  600 j  2.8 i 100 j 
 
 4.8 i  250 j 
R 
M A  1880 N m k
Sample Problem 3.8
b) Find an equivalent force-couple system at B
based on the force-couple system at A.
The force is unchanged by the movement of the
force-couple system from A to B.
 
R  600 N  j

The couple at B is equal to the moment about B

of the force-couple system found at A.
R R  
M B M A  rB A R
  
 1880 N m k   4.8 m i  600 N  j
 
 1880 N m k  2880 N m k
R 
M B 1000 N m k
Rectangular Components in Space

 
• The vector F is • Resolve F into • Resolve Fh into
contained in the horizontal and vertical rectangular components
plane OBAC. components.
Fy  F cos y
Fh  F sin y 𝐹 𝑥=𝐹h cos𝜑
Rectangular Components in Space


• With the angles between F and the axes,
Fx  F cos x Fy  F cos y Fz  F cos z
   
F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k
  
 F cos x i  cos y j  cos z k 

 F
   
 cos x i  cos y j  cos z k
 
•  is a unit vector along the line of action of
F
 x ,the
and cosare cos  y , and cos
 direction  z for
cosines
F
Rectangular Components in Space

Direction of the force is defined by

the location of two points,
M x1 , y1 , z1  and N x2 , y 2 , z 2 


d vector joining M and N
  
d x i  d y j  d z k
d x  x2  x1 d y  y 2  y1 d z  z 2  z1
 
F  F
 1   
  d x i  d y j  d z k 
d
Fd x Fd y Fd
Fx  Fy  Fz  z
d d d
Sample Problem 4
SOLUTION:
• Based on the relative locations of the
points A and B, determine the unit
vector pointing from A towards B.

• Apply the unit vector to determine the

components of the force acting on A.
• Noting that the components of the unit
vector are the direction cosines for the
The tension in the guy wire is 2500 N. vector, calculate the corresponding
Determine: angles.
a) components Fx, Fy, Fz of the force
acting on the bolt at A,
b) the angles qx, qy, qz defining the
direction of the force
Sample Problem 4
SOLUTION:
• Determine the unit vector pointing from A
towards B.
  
AB  40 m i  80 m  j  30 m k
AB   40 m 2  80 m 2  30 m 2
94.3 m
   40    80    30  
  i   j  k
 94. 3   94. 3   94. 3 
  
 0.424 i  0.848 j  0.318k
• Determine the components of the force.
 
F  F
  
2500 N  0.424 i  0.848 j  0.318k 
  
 1060 N i  2120 N  j  795 N k
Sample Problem 4
• Noting that the components of the unit vector are
the direction cosines for the vector, calculate the
corresponding angles.
   
 cos x i  cos y j  cos z k
  
 0.424 i  0.848 j  0.318k

 x 115.1
 y 32.0
 z 71.5
Vector Products: Rectangular Components
• Vector products of Cartesian unit vectors,
       
i i 0 j i  k k i  j
       
i  j k j  j 0 k  j  i
       
i k  j j k i k k 0

• Vector products in terms of rectangular

coordinates
      
V Px i  Py j  Pz k Q x i  Q y j  Q z k 
 
Py Q z  Pz Q y i  Pz Q x  Px Q z  j

 Px Q y  Py Q x k
  
i j k
 Px Py Pz
Qx Q y Qz
Rectangular Components of the Moment of a Force in 3D

The moment of F about O,

      
M O r F , r  xi  yj  zk
   
F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k
   
M O M x i  M y j  M z k

  
i j k
 x y z
Fx Fy Fz

  
yFz  zFy i  zFx  xFz  j  xFy  yFx k
Rectangular Components of the Moment of a Force

The moment of F about B,

  
M B rA / B F

  
rA / B rA  rB
  
x A  x B i  y A  y B  j  z A  z B k
   
F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k

  
i j k

M B  x A  x B  y A  y B  z A  z B 
Fx Fy Fz
Scalar Product of Two Vectors
• The scalar product or dot product between
two vectors P and Q is defined as
 
P  Q  PQ cos scalar result
• Scalar products:
   
- are commutative, P  Q Q  P
      
- are distributive, P  Q1  Q2   P  Q1  P  Q2
  
- are not associative, P  Q  S undefined
• Scalar products with Cartesian unit components,
       
P  Q Px i  Py j  Pz k  Qx i  Q y j  Qz k 
           
i  i 1 j  j 1 k  k 1 i  j 0 j  k 0 k  i 0
 
P  Q  Px Qx  Py Q y  Pz Qz
 
P  P  Px2  Py2  Pz2  P 2
Scalar Product of Two Vectors: Applications
• Angle between two vectors:
 
P  Q  PQ cos  Px Qx  Py Q y  Pz Qz
Px Qx  Py Q y  Pz Qz
cos 
PQ

• Projection of a vector on a given axis:

POL  P cos projection of P along OL
 
P  Q  PQ cos
 
PQ
 P cos  POL
Q

• For an axis defined by a unit vector:

 
POL  P  
 Px cos x  Py cos y  Pz cos z
Mixed Triple Product of Three Vectors
• Mixed triple product of three vectors,
  
S  P Q  scalar result

• The six mixed triple products formed from S, P, and

Q have equal magnitudes but not the same sign,
        
S  P Q   P  Q S  Q  S P 
       
 S  Q P   P  S Q   Q  P S 

• Evaluating the mixed triple product,

  
S  P Q  S x Py Q z  Pz Q y  S y Pz Q x  Px Q z 
 S z Px Q y  Py Q x 
Sx Sy Sz
 Px Py Pz
Qx Qy Qz
Moment of a Force About a Given Axis
• Moment MO of a force F applied at the point A
about a point O,
 
M O r F

• Scalar moment MOL about an axis OL is the

projection of the moment vector MO onto the
axis,
    
M OL   M O   r F 

• Moments of F about the coordinate axes,

M x  yFz  zFy
M y  zFx  xFz
M z  xFy  yFx
Sample Problem 3.4

SOLUTION:
The moment MA of the force F exerted
by the wire is obtained by evaluating
the vector product,
  
M A rC A F

The rectangular plate is supported by

the brackets at A and B and by a wire
CD. Knowing that the tension in the
wire is 200 N, determine the moment
about A of the force exerted by the
wire at C.
Sample Problem 3.4
SOLUTION:
  
M A rC A F
    
rC A rC  rA 0.3 m i  0.08 m  j

  rC D
F  F 200 N 
rC D
  
 0.3 m i  0.24 m  j  0.32 m k
200 N 
0.5 m
  
 120 N i  96 N  j  128 N k
  
i j k

M A  0.3 0 0.08
 120 96  128
   
M A  7.68 N m i  28.8 N m  j  28.8 N m k
Sample Problem 3.5

A cube is acted on by a force P as

shown. Determine the moment of P
a) about A
b) about the edge AB and
c) about the diagonal AG of the cube.
d) Determine the perpendicular distance
between AG and FC.
Sample Problem 3.5
• Moment of P about A,
  
M A rF A P
    
rF A ai  a j a i  j 
    
P  P  2 i  2 j   P 2 i  j 
    
M A ai  j P 2 i  j 
   
M A aP 2 i  j  k 

• Moment of P about AB,

 
M AB i  M A
   
i  aP 2 i  j  k 

M AB aP 2
Sample Problem 3.5
• Moment of P about the diagonal AG,
 
M AG   M A
   
 rA G ai  aj  ak 1   
   i  j  k 
rA G a 3 3
 aP   
M A  i  j  k 
2
1    aP   
M AG  i  j  k  i  j k
3 2
aP
 1  1  1
6

aP
M AG 
6
Sample Problem 3.5
• Perpendicular distance between AG and FC,
  P   1    P
P     j  k  i  j  k   0  1  1
2 3 6
0
Therefore, P is perpendicular to AG.
aP
M AG   Pd
6
a
d
6
Sample Problem 3.6
SOLUTION:
• Attach equal and opposite 20 lb forces in
the +x direction at A, thereby producing 3
couples for which the moment components
are easily computed.

• Alternatively, compute the sum of the

moments of the four forces about an
arbitrary single point. The point D is a
good choice as only two of the forces will
produce non-zero moment contributions..
Determine the components of the
single couple equivalent to the
couples shown.
Sample Problem 3.6
• Attach equal and opposite 20 lb forces
in the +x direction at A

• The three couples may be represented by

three couple vectors,
M x  30 lb18 in.  540 lb in.
M y 20 lb12 in. 240lb in.
M z 20 lb9 in. 180 lb in.
  
M  540 lb in.i  240lb in. j

 180 lb in.k
Sample Problem 3.6
• Alternatively, compute the sum of the
moments of the four forces about D.

• Only the forces at C and E contribute to

the moment about D.
   
M M D 18 in. j  30 lbk
  
 
 9 in. j  12 in.k  20 lbi

  
M  540 lb in.i  240lb in. j

 180 lb in.k
Sample Problem 3.10

SOLUTION:
• Determine the relative position vectors
for the points of application of the
cable forces with respect to A.

• Resolve the forces into rectangular

components.

• Compute the equivalent force,

 
R  F
Three cables are attached to the • Compute the equivalent couple,
bracket as shown. Replace the R  
forces with an equivalent force- M A  r F 
couple system at A.
Sample Problem 3.10
• Resolve the forces into rectangular
components.
 
FB 700 N 
   
 rE B 75 i  150 j  50k
 
rE B 175
  
0.429 i  0.857 j  0.289k
   
FB 300 i  600 j  200k N 
SOLUTION:
  
• Determine the relative position FC 1000 N cos 45 i  cos 45 j 
 
vectors with respect to A. 707 i  707 j N 
  
rB A 0.075 i  0.050k m    
   FD 1200 N cos 60 i  cos 30 j 
rC A 0.075 i  0.050k m   
  600 i  1039 j N 

rD A 0.100 i  0.100 j m 
Sample Problem 3.10
• Compute the equivalent force, • Compute the equivalent couple,
 
R  F R  
 M A  r F 
300  707  600i   
 i j k
  600  1039 j    
 rB A F B  0.075 0 0.050 30i  45k
 200  707k 300  600 200
      
R 1607i  439 j  507k N  i j k
  
rC A F c  0.075 0  0.050 17.68 j
707 0  707
  
i j k
  
rD A F D  0.100  0.100 0 163.9k
600 1039 0

R   
M A 30 i  17.68 j  118.9k