olumes of Revolutio

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 Prior Knowledge Check
1) Evaluate: 3) Find the area of the finite
region bounded by the curve
a) 64 and the line .
b) 472
c) 5 125
6
7
2

2) Find the area of the region R

bounded by the curve
and the axis.

64
3
Teachings for
Exercise 5A
 Volumes of Revolution
You need to be able to
calculate the volume of a solid
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis
y y
𝑦 =√ 𝑥

This would be the

solid formed

x x
a b

You already know how to find

the area under a curve by In this section you will learn how to find the
Integration
Imagine we rotated the area shaded around volume of any solid created in this way. It also
the x-axis involves Integration!
 What would be the shape of the solid
formed?
5A
 Volumes of Revolution 𝑥+𝛿 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥+𝛿 𝑥)
You need to be able to Volume of a 𝑥 , 𝑓 (𝑥)
calculate the volume of a solid cylinder =
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis 𝒇 (𝒙 +𝜹 𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝒇 (𝒙)
𝛿𝑉
Imagine we already have the 𝑉
volume of a solid created this way
𝑥 𝜹 𝒙𝑥+𝛿 𝑥
 A small increase in the value of x
will lead to a small increase in
the volume of the solid

 We can label some coordinates

2 2
 The increase in the volume will 𝛿 𝑉 ≥ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥) ] 𝛿 𝑥 𝛿 𝑉 ≤ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥+ 𝛿 𝑥) ] 𝛿 𝑥
be between two values, both of
which can be calculated as
2 2
volumes of cylinders… 𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ] 𝛿 𝑥 ≤ 𝛿 𝑉 ≤ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥+ 𝛿 𝑥) ] 𝛿 𝑥

5A
 Volumes of Revolution 𝑥+𝛿 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥+𝛿 𝑥)
You need to be able to 𝑥 , 𝑓 (𝑥)
calculate the volume of a solid
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis
𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝛿𝑉
So we now have the relationship as 𝑉
shown…
2 2
𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ] 𝛿 𝑥 ≤ 𝛿 𝑉 ≤ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥+ 𝛿 𝑥) ] 𝛿 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+𝛿 𝑥
Divid
e by
2 𝛿𝑉 2
𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ] ≤ ≤ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝛿 𝑥) ]
𝛿𝑥 Let, and the notation
changes to (to indicate
that tending to 0 has
2 𝑑𝑉 2
𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ] ≤ ≤ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥) ] happened)
𝑑𝑥
There is only one
logical conclusion
𝑑𝑉 2 here…
=𝜋 [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥) ] If we differentiate with respect to x, we
𝑑𝑥 would get .
Integrate both sides
with respect to

𝑉=∫ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] 𝑑𝑥
2  Therefore, if we integrate with respect
to x, we get , since differentiating and
integrating are opposite actions
5A
 Volumes of Revolution 𝑥+𝛿 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥+𝛿 𝑥)
You need to be able to 𝑥 , 𝑓 (𝑥)
calculate the volume of a solid
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis
𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝛿𝑉
So we now have the relationship as 𝑉
𝑉=∫ 𝜋 [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] 𝑑𝑥
shown…
2
The can be
𝑥 𝑥+𝛿 𝑥
factorised out

𝑉=𝜋 ∫ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] 𝑑𝑥
2

Note that, in a similar fashion to

finding the area under a curve, we
need to use two limits which we
are finding the volume between.
These will be and .
𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ [ 𝑓 ( 𝑥) ] 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑎 Usually 𝑎

written using
y
5A
 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎

𝑦 2
You need to be able to 𝑦 =9 − 𝑥
calculate the volume of a solid
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis
𝑅
The diagram shows the region
which is bounded by the x-axis, the
y-axis and the curve with equation 𝑂 3 𝑥
. The region is rotated through
360˚ about the x-axis. Find the
exact volume of the solid
generated.

 We need to find the intersection

between the curve and the x-
axis first…
𝑦 =9 − 𝑥 2
Set y = 0
2
0= 9− 𝑥
Factorise
0=(3+ 𝑥 )(3 − 𝑥)
Solv
or e

5A
 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎

𝑦 2
You need to be able to 𝑦 =9 − 𝑥
calculate the volume of a solid
created by revolving a shape
around the x-axis
𝑅
The diagram shows the region
which is bounded by the x-axis, the 𝑏
y-axis and the curve with equation 𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑂 3 𝑥
. The region is rotated through 𝑎
Sub in the
360˚ about the x-axis. Find the 3
equation
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ( 9 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
exact volume of the solid
0 Square the bracket (do
generated. 3 not forget this!)
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ 81 −18 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 4
 Now use the relationship shown 0
Integrate and use a
above!
[ ]
5 3 square bracket
3 𝑥
𝑉 =𝜋 81 𝑥 −6 𝑥 +
Write as a 5 0
subtraction

( ) ( )
5 5
( 3)
3 ( 0)
3
𝑉 = 𝜋 81(3) −6 (3) + − 𝜋 81( 0)− 6( 0) +
5 5
Calculat
e 648 𝜋
𝑉=
5
5A
Teachings for
Exercise 5B
 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎

You need to be able to

calculate the volume of a
solid created by revolving a
shape around the y-axis

2 2
y 𝑦 =𝑥 y 𝑦 =𝑥

This would be the

solid formed

x x

5B
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis

You need to be able to

calculate the volume of a
solid created by revolving a 𝑏
shape around the y-axis 𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 For rotation
about the x axis
𝑎
There is nothing particularly new
here though!
𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
For rotation
 The process is the same, just
about the y axis
with the x and y reversed! 𝑎

5B
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
𝑦
𝑦 =√ 𝑥 −1
You need to be able to 𝑦 2+ 1= 𝑥
calculate the volume of a 3
solid created by revolving a
shape around the y-axis 𝑅
1
𝑏
The diagram shows the curve 𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
with equation . The region R is 𝑎
𝑥
bounded by the curve, the y axis
and the lines and . The region is
rotated 360˚ about the y axis.
Find the volume of the solid
generated.

 We will need x to be the subject

here
𝑦 =√ 𝑥 −1 Square
both
𝑦 2= 𝑥 −1 sides
Add 1
𝑦 2+ 1= 𝑥
5B
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
𝑦
𝑦 =√ 𝑥 −1
You need to be able to 𝑦 2+ 1= 𝑥
calculate the volume of a 3
solid created by revolving a
shape around the y-axis 𝑅
1
𝑏
The diagram shows the curve 𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
with equation . The region R is 𝑎
𝑥
bounded by the curve, the y axis Sub in the
3
and the lines and . The region is equation for x
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ( 𝑦 + 1 ) 𝑑𝑦
2 2
rotated 360˚ about the y axis. 1
Find the volume of the solid Square the bracket (do
3 not forget this!)
generated.
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 4 +2 𝑦 2 +1 𝑑 𝑦
1
Integrate and use a

[ ]
5 3 3
square bracket
𝑦 2𝑦
𝑉 =𝜋 + +𝑦
Write as a 5 3 1
subtraction

( ) ( )
5 3 5 3
( 3) 2( 3) (1) 2(1)
𝑉 =𝜋 + +(3) − 𝜋 + +( 1)
5 3 5 3
Calculat
e 1016 𝜋
𝑉=
15
5B
Teachings for
Exercise 5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
A cylinder can be formed by
You need to be able to find starting with a horizontal
the volume of shapes where line and rotating it about
the x-axis (or a vertical line
part is a cylinder or cone about the y-axis) Radius

x
If part of the solid of revolution is Height
a cylinder or cone, you can use
their respective volume formulae:

Cylinder =
y
Cone = A cone can be formed by
starting with a straight
diagonal line and rotating it
about one of the x or y axes
Radius
Height
 The radius and height
depend on which way it is
rotated! x
Radius
Height

5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙 +𝟐
You need to be able to find
the volume of shapes where
part is a cylinder or cone

The region R is bounded by the

curve with equation , the line ,
and the x and y axes. 𝑅 𝒚 =𝟓 −𝟐 𝒙
x
a) Verify that the coordinates of
A are (1,3)
Sub into both equations and show we get 3 for in
both cases
b) A solid is created by rotating
the region 360˚ about the x- 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 +2 𝑦 =5 − 2 𝑥
axis. Find the volume of this
solid 3
𝑦 =(1) + 2 𝑦 =5 − 2(1)

𝑦 =3 𝑦 =3

5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙 +𝟐
You need to be able to find You can split the
the volume of shapes where area into 2 parts
part is a cylinder or cone and find both
separately…
(1,3)
The region R is bounded by the
curve with equation , the line ,
𝑅
𝑅1 𝑅 2
and the x and y axes. 𝒚 =𝟓 −𝟐 𝒙
x
1 2.5
a) Verify that the coordinates of Volume of revolution for
A are (1,3) 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 Sub in the
1 equation for y
b) A solid is created by rotating 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ( 𝑥 3 +2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2

the region 360˚ about the x- 0

Square the
axis. Find the volume of this
1
bracket
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥6 + 4 𝑥 3 + 4 𝑑𝑥
solid 0
Integrate and use

[ ]
1
𝑥
7
4
a square bracket
𝑉 =𝜋 +𝑥 +4 𝑥
Volume of revolution for = 7 0
Calculate (you need to write the
36 𝜋 substitution step as well
𝑉= remember!)
7
5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙 +𝟐
You need to be able to find You can split the
the volume of shapes where area into 2 parts
part is a cylinder or cone and find both
separately…
(1,3)
The region R is bounded by the
curve with equation , the line , 𝒓
𝑅1 𝑅
and the x and y axes. 2 𝒚 =𝟓 −𝟐 𝒙
x
a) Verify that the coordinates of
1 𝒉 2.5
Volume of revolution for
A are (1,3)
This will be a cone with height and radius , as
shown…
1 2
b) A solid is created by rotating 𝑉= 𝜋𝑟 h
3
the region 360˚ about the x- Sub in the
axis. Find the volume of this 1 2
equation for y
𝑉= 𝜋 ( 3 ) ( 1.5)
solid 3
Sub in the
9𝜋 equation for y
𝑉=
Volume of revolution for = 2
𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝝅
Volume of revolution for = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆=
𝟏𝟒
5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
You need to be able to find 𝒚 =√ 𝒙
the volume of shapes where
part is a cylinder or cone

The diagram shows the region R 𝑅

bounded by the curves with 𝟏
𝒚=
equations and and the line . The 𝟖𝒙
1
region is rotated through 360˚ =√𝑥 x
8𝑥
about the x-axis. Find the exact Multiply 1
volume of the solid generated. 3 by x
1
=𝑥 2
8 Raise each side
to the power
 We need to start by finding the 2

( ) =( 𝑥 )
2 3
point of intersection. This will 1 3 2
3

give us the limits we need… 8 Simplify

right side

()
1 23
8
=𝑥
Calculate
left side
1
=𝑥
4

5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
You need to be able to find The volume will be
𝒚 =√ 𝒙
the volume of shapes where the volume for the
part is a cylinder or cone part under the red
line, subtract the
volume for the part
The diagram shows the region R under the blue line
𝑅
bounded by the curves with 𝟏
𝒚=
equations and and the line . The 𝟖𝒙
region is rotated through 360˚ x
1
about the x-axis. Find the exact 1
volume of the solid generated. 4

y y
𝒚 =√ 𝒙

MINUS
𝑅1 𝟏
𝒚=
𝑅2 𝟖𝒙

1
x 1
x
1 1
4 4 5C
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
You need to be able to find The volume will be
𝒚 =√ 𝒙
the volume of shapes where the volume for the
part is a cylinder or cone part under the red
line, subtract the
volume for the part
The diagram shows the region R under the blue line
𝑅
bounded by the curves with 𝟏
𝒚=
equations and and the line . The 𝟖𝒙
region is rotated through 360˚ x
1
about the x-axis. Find the exact 𝑏
1
volume of the solid generated. 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
4
𝑎 Sub in each equation
(make sure you put

( ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥
1 2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ (√ 𝑥) − 1
2
them the correct way)
 Because the limits are the
1 8𝑥
same, we can do the 4
subtraction before any of the 1
Square each function
integrating! 𝑉 =𝜋∫ 𝑥 −
1
4
( 1
64 𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
) Integrate and use a
square bracket

[ ]
1
1 1
You could also do this by finding the 𝑉 =𝜋 𝑥 2+
two volumes separately and 2 64 𝑥 1
4 Sub in limits and subtract
subtracting – it is up to you which
27 𝜋 (you will need to show this
method you are most confident with 𝑉=
64 step)

5C
Teachings for
Exercise 5D
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
𝟐
You need to be able to use 𝒚 =𝒌 −𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙
Volumes of revolution to model
real-life situations

A manufacturer wants to cast a

prototype for a new design for a pen x
barrel made out of solid resin. The O
shaded region shown in the diagram
is used as a model for the cross a) Most pens are around 10-15cm
section of the pen barrel. The region long so anything in this range would
is bounded by the x-axis and the be sensible
curve with equation , and will be
rotated around the y-axis. Each unit
on the coordinate axes represents
1cm. 𝒌=𝟏𝟎

a) Suggest a suitable value for k

b) Use your value of k to estimate
the volume of resin needed to
make the prototype
c) State one limitation of this
model
5D
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
2
𝑦 =10 −100 𝑥 10 𝒚 =𝟏𝟎 𝟐
−𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙𝒙
𝟐
You need to be able to use =𝒌 −𝟏𝟎𝟎
Volumes of revolution to model 2
100 𝑥 =10 − 𝑦
real-life situations
2 1 𝑦
𝑥 = −
10 100
A manufacturer wants to cast a
prototype for a new design for a pen 0
x
barrel made out of solid resin. The O
shaded region shown in the diagram
 Note that we are rotating about the y-axis, and
is used as a model for the cross
the horizontal limits will be 0 and 10
section of the pen barrel. The region
is bounded by the x-axis and the 𝑏
curve with equation , and will be 𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦 Sub in (we can rearrange
rotated around the y-axis. Each unit 𝑎
the formula to get this,
on the coordinate axes represents 10 and we will not need to
1cm. 𝒌=𝟏𝟎 𝑉 =𝜋∫
0
( 101 − 100
𝑦
) 𝑑𝑦 do any squaring!)

Integrate and use a

square bracket

[ ]
a) Suggest a suitable value for k 10
𝑦 𝑦2
b) Use your value of k to estimate 𝑉 =𝜋 −
10 200 0 Sub in limits and subtract
the volume of resin needed to (you need to show this)
make the prototype 𝜋
𝑉=
c) State one limitation of this 2
model
5D
 𝑏 𝑏
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑉 =𝜋 ∫ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦

Volumes of Revolution
𝑎 𝑎
For rotation For rotation
about the x axis about the y axis
y
10 𝟐
You need to be able to use 𝒚 =𝟏𝟎 −𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙
Volumes of revolution to model
real-life situations

A manufacturer wants to cast a

prototype for a new design for a pen 0
x
barrel made out of solid resin. The O
shaded region shown in the diagram
is used as a model for the cross
section of the pen barrel. The region
is bounded by the x-axis and the
curve with equation , and will be
rotated around the y-axis. Each unit
on the coordinate axes represents
1cm. 𝒌=𝟏𝟎

a) Suggest a suitable value for k 𝝅

𝑽=
b) Use your value of k to estimate 𝟐
the volume of resin needed to
make the prototype It is unlikely that the cross-section of the pen
will match the curve exactly, the pen might
c) State one limitation of this have other parts to it that affect the shape
model etc…
5D