CHE-C4E Lecture 6 - Metals
CHE-C4E Lecture 6 - Metals
Engineering
Materials
METAL
Engr. Sherald “Shed”
G. Agustin
S
Instructor III, College of
Engineering
Clay (mineral of
Bauxite (principal ore of
aluminum)
Aluminum)
OCCURRENCE OF METAL
Manganese nodule
PRINCIPAL TYPES OF MINERALS
CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING
MATERIALS: METALS
• Introduction to Metals
• Occurrence of Metals
• Metallurgy
• Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity
• The Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
• Aluminum
• Transition Metals
METALLURGY
PRINCIPAL STEPS
PRODUCTION OF METAL
PRODUCTION OF METAL
Blast
Furnace
PRODUCTION OF METAL
PRINCIPAL STEPS
CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING
MATERIALS: METALS
• Introduction to Metals
• Occurrence of Metals
• Metallurgy
• Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity
• The Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
• Aluminum
• Transition Metals
BAND THEORY OF ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
► IN SOLID-STATE PHYSICS, THE BAND STRUCTURE OF
A SOLID DESCRIBES THOSE RANGES OF ENERGY,
CALLED ENERGY BANDS, THAT AN ELECTRON
WITHIN THE SOLID MAY HAVE (“ALLOWED BANDS”)
AND RANGES OF ENERGY CALLED BAND GAPS
(“FORBIDDEN BANDS”), WHICH IT MAY NOT HAVE.
► BAND THEORY MODELS THE BEHAVIOR OF
ELECTRONS IN SOLIDS BY POSTULATING THE
EXISTENCE OF ENERGY BANDS.
BAND THEORY OF ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
BAND THEORY - A MODEL USE TO STUDY
METALLIC BONDING
⮚ STATES THAT DELOCALIZED ELECTRONS
MOVE FREELY THROUGH “BANDS” FORMED BY
OVERLAPPING MOLECULAR ORBITALS.
Emerald is a variety of
beryl, a mineral that
contains the alkaline earth
metal beryllium.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
̶ THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY
̶ THEY CAN BE HAMMERED OR BENT INTO SHAPE EASILY
̶ THEY HAVE HIGH MELTING POINTS (BUT MERCURY IS A
LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE)
̶ THEY ARE USUALLY HARD AND TOUGH
̶ THEY HAVE HIGH DENSITIES
PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METAL
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
THE TRANSITION METALS HAVE THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES IN COMMON:
GOLD
USES OF TRANSITION METALS
SILVER
COPPER
USES OF TRANSITION METALS
IRON
IRON IS USUALLY TOO SOFT TO BE USED AS THE METAL ALONE. IT
IS USUALLY MIXED WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF OTHER ELEMENTS TO
MAKE STEELS, WHICH ARE HARDER AND STRONGER THAN IRON,
BUT EASILY SHAPED. HOWEVER, IRON AND STEEL REACT SLOWLY
WITH WATER AND AIR TO PRODUCE RUST. THEY MUST BE
PROTECTED WITH, FOR EXAMPLE, A LAYER OF PAINT.
USES OF TRANSITION METALS
CHROMIUM