SHAPE
CLIPPING AND
DEALING WITH
TEXT
OBJECTIVES
To deal with clipping of shapes
to handle text in Java
To deal with complex operation on text rendering
CLIPPING
- The rendered image may be clipped by a clipping path Hello
- A clipping path defines a region in which the objects will actually be
visible.
- When an object is drawn, it is clipped against the clipping region
- Portions of the object falling outside the clipping path will not be drawn
can be used
- Any Shape object can be used for clipping
- This method can be called repeadly to clip the current clipping region
further with theEllipse2D.Double(0,0,200,100));
g2.clip(new specified shape.
for (int i=0;i<this.getBounds().getWidth();i+=5)
g2.drawLine(i, 0, i,
(int)this.getBounds().getHeight());
DEALING WITH TEXT
- In computer graphics, text represents a special type of geometric objects
- A text string can be compactly represented by a sequence of characters
with standard coding schemes, such as ASCII and Unicode
- The actual rendering shapes of the characters are determined by
predefined fonts
- The geometry describing the shape of a character is known as a glygh
- Java 2D offers a rich set of font and text manipulation features
- The most common high level usages of texts involve creating a font object
and calling the methods setFont and drawString in Graphics2D
Logical fonts Font styles
- A Font object can be created with the following constructor: Serif
PLAIN
Font (String name, int style, int size) SansSerif ITALIC
Monospaced BOLD
Dialog
DialogInput
DEALING WITH TEXT
- A Font object can be selected in a Graphics2D object with the method:
- void setFont (Font font)
- The font will take effect for subsequent calls to methods for drawing text
- Void drawString(string S, int x, int y);
- In addition to applying existing fonts in the system , it is also possible to
derive new fonts from existing ones by modifying certain attributes
- The following methods in the Font class generate derived fonts:
Font deriveFont (int style)
Font deriveFont (float size)
Font deriveFont(int style, float size)
Font deriveFont (AffineTransform tx)
Font deriveFont (int style, AffineTransform tx)
DEALING WITH TEXT
- Font metrics are measurements of rendered texts with specific font
- The following methods of Font provide font metric information
- Rectangle2D getStringBounds(String str, FontRenderContext frc)
- lineMetrics getLineMetrics(String str, FontRenderContext frc)
- The FontRenderContext object can be obtained through a method in Graphics2D
- FontRenderContext getFontRenderContext()
- The getStringBounds method returns a bounding rectangle for the string
- The getLineMetrics method returns a LineMetrics object that contains more detail metric data
- The baseline is the reference line of a font
- The ascent is the amount that the font extends above the baseline
- The descent is the amount extending below the baseline
- The leading is the extra space between the two lines
- The following methods of the LineMetrics retrieve the metrics
- float getAscent()
- float getDescent()
- float getLeading()
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 36);
AffineTransform tx = new AffineTransform();
tx.shear(0.5, 0);
DEALING WITH TEXT
g2.setFont(font.deriveFont(tx));
g2.drawString("Derived font", 100, 100);
g2.setFont(font);
FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext();
String str = "String bounds";
Rectangle2D bounds = font.getStringBounds(str, frc);
g2.translate(100, 200);
g2.draw(bounds);
g2.drawString(str, 0, 0);
str = "Baseline, ascent, descent, leading";
g2.translate(0,100);
int w = (int)font.getStringBounds(str, frc).getWidth();
LineMetrics lm = font.getLineMetrics(str, frc);
g2.drawLine(0, 0, w, 0);
int y = -(int)lm.getAscent();
g2.drawLine(0, y, w, y);
y = (int)lm.getDescent();
g2.drawLine(0, y, w, y);
y = (int)(lm.getDescent()+lm.getLeading());
g2.drawLine(0, y, w, y);
g2.drawString(str,0,0);
DEALING WITH TEXT-
LIGATURE
Glyphs of characters in a font can be retrieved as shape objects
This enables sophisticated processing and application of the glyphs to
achieve varieties of visual effects
A glyph may contain multiple letters
A common ligature:
We can get the geometry of text as:
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 144);
FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext();
GlyphVector gv = font.createGlyphVector(frc, "Java");
Shape glyph = gv.getOutline(100,200);
DEALING WITH TEXT-GLYPH
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 144);
FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext();
GlyphVector gv = font.createGlyphVector(frc, "Java");
Shape glyph = gv.getOutline(100,200);
g2.setClip(glyph);
g2.setColor(Color.red);
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
Shape shape = new Ellipse2D.Double(Math.random()*500,
Math.random()*400, 30, 20);
g2.draw(shape);
}
DEALING WITH TEXT-GLYPH
Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 144);
FontRenderContext frc = g2.getFontRenderContext();
GlyphVector gv = font.createGlyphVector(frc, "Java");
Shape glyph = gv.getOutline(100,200);
g2.setClip(glyph);
g2.setColor(Color.red);
for (int i=0;i<this.getBounds().getWidth();i+=5)
g2.drawLine(i, 0, i, (int)this.getBounds().getHeight());
