WELCOME

Department of Electrical Engineering

Jhada Sirha Government Engineering
College, Jagdalpur (C.G.)

VOCATIONAL TRAINING
PRESENTATION
ON
33/11 kV SUBSTATION
Submitted to
CHHATTISGARH SWAMI
VIVEKANAND
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, BHILAI

in the partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the award of

degree of
Bachelor of Technology
 A PRESENTATION
ON
VOCATIONAL TRAINING FROM JAGDALPUR, UNDER 33/11
kV
SUB-STATION

PRESENTED BY :-

LINAY KUMAR NAYAK

AMIT KUMAR
LUCKY NIRALA
SANGEETA THAKUR
NAYAB ANWAR SIDDIQUE
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SUBSTATION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
POWER TRANSFORMER
BUSBAR
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
INSULATOR
PROTECTIVE RELAY
CIRCUIT BREAKER
ISOLATOR
METERING AND INDICATING
INSTRUMENT
LIGHTENING ARRESTER
DC BATTERY SET
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Erstwhile Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB) was
responsible for Generation, Transmission and Distribution
of electricity in Chhattisgarh State. In accordance with the
provisions contained in the Section 131-134 of Electricity
Act 2003, Govt. of Chhattisgarh has reorganized erstwhile
CSEB into following five companies vide Notification No.
F1-8/ 2008/ 13/ 1 dated 19.12.2008 :-
• Chhattisgarh State Power Holding Company Limited,
• Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited,
• Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Limited,
• Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited and
• Chhattisgarh State Power Trading Company Limited

Accordingly Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution

Company Limited (CSPDCL) came into existence w.e.f.
01.01.2009. CSPDCL provides electricity to consumers
across the Chhattisgarh State.
SUBSTATION
 A station is an subsidiary station of an electricity generation,
transmission, and distribution system where voltage is
transformed to high to low, or the reverse, using transformer.

A Substation generally have switching, protection, & control

equipment & one or more transformers.

 Electrical substations are the interface between parts of

the distribution grid and transmission systems. These fenced
off areas step down the voltage in the transmission lines to
one that is suitable for the distribution grid.

 They are also equipped with circuit breakers to protect the

distribution system, and can be used to control the flow of
current in various directions. They also smooth and filter
voltage fluctuations caused by, for example, an increased
load.
 33/11 kV Yard

Powerhouse Substation Jagdalpur

 33/11 kV Yard

Avantika Substation
Jagdalpur
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
- It is not necessary to show all the
components of the system on a single line
diagram, e.g., circuit breaker need not be
shown in the load flow study but are the
must for a protection study.
- In the single line diagram, the system
component is usually drawn in the form
of their symbols.
- Generator and transformer connections,
star, delta and neutral earthing are
indicated by symbols drawn by the side of
the representation of these elements.
POWER TRANSFORMER
Power transformers are electrical instruments used in
transmitting electrical power from one circuit to another
without changing the frequency.

 They operate by the principle of electromagnetic induction.

They are used in transmitting electrical power between
generators and distribution primary circuits.
OIL TEST MACHINE OIL FILTRATION MACHINE

TRANSFORMER FAILURE
BUSBAR
A Bus-bar is a conducting bar that carries
heavy current to supply in several electric
circuit.
Bus-bar is made from ‘Cu’ and ‘Al’.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER

A Current Transformer is used to step-down

current for measurement, control and
protection.

Current transformer is an instrument

transformer used for protection and
metering of high values of current.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

Potential Transformer are instrument

transformer. It is used to step-down voltage
for measurement, control and protection.

As Potential transformer is step-down

transformer, i.e., they have many turns in
the primary winding while the secondary
has few turns.
INSULATOR
Used in transmission lines, in order to avoid
current leakage to the earth.
Through the supporting structure provide to the
conductor of overhead insulators are used.
PROTECTIVE RELAY

# The relay
# Having
# A Protective detects the
detected the
Relay is a device abnormal
fault, the relay
that detects the condition in the
operates to close
fault and initiates electrical circuit
the trip circuit of
the operation of by constantly
the breaker. This
the CB to isolate measuring the
results in the
the defective abnormal
opening of the
element from the quantities which
breaker and
rest of the are different
disconnection of
system. under normal and
the faulty circuit.
fault condition.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
 A Circuit Breaker is an automatically or manually
operated electrical switch designed to protect the
electrical circuit from damaged caused by overload or
short circuit.

As power system deals with huge currents, special

attention should be given during designing of a circuit
breaker to ensure it is able to safely interrupt the arc
produced during the closing of a circuit breaker.

 TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

which is used in 33/11 kV substation
# Air Circuit Breaker.
# SF6 Circuit Breaker.
# Vacuum Circuit Breaker.
# Oil Circuit Breaker.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
In vacuum circuit breakers, the vacuum is the
arc extinguishing medium. The insulating
strength of this circuit breaker type is excellent
compared to other types. There is a formation of
an arc when the vacuum is opened as there is
the ionization of the metal vapours. The moving
and fixed contact along with the arc shield is
mounted in the vacuum chamber.

Advantages of Vacuum Circuit Breaker

-The arc energy released is low.
-It is capable enough to withstand the lightning
strikes.
 ISOLATOR
 Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch that
isolates the faulty section of substation.
 It is used to separate faulty section for repair from a healthy
section in order to avoid the occurrance of severe faults. It is
also called disconnector or disconnecting switch.

Types of Electrical Isolator : -

 Double Break Type Isolator.
 Single Break Type Isolator.
 Double Break Type Isolator
This type of isolator consists of three loads of post
insulators. The middle insulator holds a flat male or
tubular contact that can be turned straightly by a spin of
the middle post insulator. The rotation of the middle post
insulator can be done by a lever method at the bottom of
the post insulator, as well as it is related to manual
operation (operating handle) or motorized operation
motor (using motor) of the isolator via a mechanical knot
rod.

Single Break Type Isolator

In this type of isolator, arm contact is
separated into two elements. The first arm
contact holds male contact, as well as
second arm contact, holds female contact.
The arm contact shifts because of the post
insulator rotation upon which the arm
contacts are fixed.
METERING AND INDICATING INSTRUMENT
 There are several metering and indicating instrument
(e.g., Ammeters, Voltmeters, energy meter , etc)
installed in a substation to maintain which over the
circuit quantities
 The instrument transformer are invariably used with
them for satisfactory operation.
LIGHTENING ARRESTER
 A Lightning Arrester is a protective equipment that
protects electrical equipment from high voltage surges
caused by lightning strikes.
 They are usually installed at the top of transmission
poles and buildings and provide an easy path for the
surge voltage from lightning to flow to ground.
 DC BATTERY SET

Generally for 33/11 kV Substation

Auxiliary DC volt is 30 V DC, 15 nos of cells are used.
DC voltage supply is used for following control circuit :
- Tripping circuit of CB.
- Closing circuit of CB.
- Alarm circuit(buchholz alarm, winding temp alarm, trip alarm, DC fail
alarm)
- Breaker on/off indicates (indication bulbs are used)
- Trip circuit healthy indication (indication bulb is used).
PRECAUTIONS
 Use of PPEs, including arc flash PPE is mandatory when
working in a substation.
 Flame retardant and arc-rated clothing.
 Gloves .
 Safety glasses.
 Shields.
 Face masks .
 Hard hats and steel-toed shoes must be an integral part
of the PPE collection made available for workers.
CONCLUSION
Now from this report one can conclude that electricity plays an
important role in our life. At the end of the training, we came to know
about the various parts of substations and how they are operated.
Also we learnt about how electricity distribution is done in various
parts of Chhattisgarh.

As evident from the report, a substation plays a very important role

in the transmission and distribution system. That’s why various
protective measures are taken to protect the substations from
various faults and its smooth functioning. Chhattisgarh State Power
Distribution Company Ltd. takes such steps so that a uniform and
stable supply of electricity can reach in every part of this state.