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Sensors

The document provides an overview of various types of sensors, including accelerometers, chemical sensors, humidity sensors, level sensors, motion sensors, optical sensors, pressure sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, and touch sensors. Each sensor type is described with its function, applications, and examples. The information highlights the importance of sensors in monitoring and reporting changes in the environment across different industries and technologies.

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Mahima
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2 views

Sensors

The document provides an overview of various types of sensors, including accelerometers, chemical sensors, humidity sensors, level sensors, motion sensors, optical sensors, pressure sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, and touch sensors. Each sensor type is described with its function, applications, and examples. The information highlights the importance of sensors in monitoring and reporting changes in the environment across different industries and technologies.

Uploaded by

Mahima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensors

A sensor may detect a physical phenomenon, which generates an


output signal. A sensor may refer to any component (device, module,
machine, or subsystem) that monitors and reports changes in its
surrounding environment to another electronic component.
• Types of Analog sensors
Accelerometer sensor

• Accelerometer sensor is an electromechanical device used to


measure the acceleration of any object in its instantaneous rest
frame.
• This sensor can measure acceleration, tilt, and vibration because it
detects variations in gravitational acceleration.
• Examples-electronics, smart phones, wearable devices, professional
sports, aerospace, and aviation.
Chemical sensor
• A chemical sensor is a device or
instrument that can measure and
detect chemical quantities in a chemical
substance.
• It can identify a target material in a given medium (gas, liquid or solid).
• Example-Soil nutrient levels in a field, smoke or carbon monoxide in a room,
pH levels in water, alcoholic breath, and many other things may all be detected using a
chemical sensor.
• For instance, the oxygen sensor in a car's emission control system measures the fuel's
oxygen percentage via a chemical reaction that produces electrical current.
• Figure:- a gas sensor module for carbon monoxide, methane and LPG.
Humidity sensor
• Humidity sensor is an instrument or
a device that can sense and measure
the relative humidity in the environment.
• These sensors can measure the relative humidity because they pick
up on the presence of water vapor in the air. Because relative
humidity is temperature-dependent, many humidity sensors also
provide temperature data.
• Applications includes- agriculture, industry, data centers,
meteorology, and Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
systems.
Level sensor

• Device designed to monitor, maintain and measure the levels of liquids


and solids are known as level sensors. Water, gasoline, coolant, grain,
fertilizer, and garbage are physical substances that may be measured
using a level sensor.
• Some vehicles even include sensors that detect when the gas tank is
empty, so drivers never have to worry about running out of petrol and
being stranded.
• Tsunami early warning systems also make use of level sensors
Motion sensor
• Motion sensor or detector
is an electronic instrument
used for detecting and measuring movement.
• Motion detectors may activate a wide variety of devices based on the
presence or absence of motion within a certain area (the field of
detection), including but not limited to lights, cameras, parking gates,
security systems, and automatic door openers.
• The sensors emit energy, such as microwaves, ultrasonic waves, or
laser beams, and detect when an object blocks that energy flow.
Optical sensor
• Optical sensors, also known as photo sensors
change light rays into electronic signals.
• They can pick up electromagnetic radiation
from all points on the electromagnetic spectrum,
from ultraviolet to infrared.
• Examples-Smartphones, robots, Blu-ray players, home security systems, medical
gadgets, and many more rely heavily on optical sensors.
• Light dependent resistor or LDR is a simple light sensor available today. The
property of LDR is that its resistance is inversely proportional to the intensity of
the ambient light i.e when the intensity of light increases, its resistance decreases
and vise versa.
Pressure sensor
• Pressure sensor is a device used to
measure pressure, gasses, or liquids.
• These pressure-sensing devices have
several applications in equipment, vehicles, airplanes, and climate
control systems.
• By providing accurate air pressure readings, they also contribute
significantly to the field of meteorology.
• Pressure sensors may also be used to keep tabs on the movement of
fluids and gases to control the movement.
Proximity sensor
• Proximity sensors convert the
information of movement, presence,
or absence of an object into electric signal.
• To measure distance between two things, proximity sensors may pick
up on their existence.
• A wide variety of settings use proximity monitors, from factories to
parking lots, shops to cars, and robots.
Temperature sensor

• A device capable of detecting and


measuring temperature and converting
them into electric signals.
• These sensors can accurately determine the temperature of a gas,
liquid, or air sample. Thermostats, appliances, equipment, airplanes,
vehicles, computers, greenhouses, farms, and many more gadgets rely
on temperature sensors to accurately control the temperature in their
respective settings.
Touch sensor

• A touch sensor is a gadget that can sense when a hand or finger


touches a surface.
• Most modern electronic gadgets would be unable to function without
touch sensors to power track pads and touchscreens, and elevators,
robots, and even soap dispensers all use them.

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