SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

First Year Second Semester

A.Y.2024–2025

Prepared by:

Rowella C. Jumaani
BSBA - 1 Student
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.
(September 11,1917 - September 28, 1989) was a
Filipino politician, lawyer, dictator, and kleptocrat
who served as the tenth president of the
Philippines from 1965 to 1986.
 He ruled under martial law from 1972 until and
kept most of his martial law powers until he was
deposed in 1986, branding his rule as "
constitutional authoritarianism" under his Kilusang
Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement). One of
the most controversial leaders of the 20th century,
Marcos's rule was infamous for its corruption,
extravagance, and brutality.
Science and Technology Development during the
Marcos Era and Martial Law

Science was given importance.

In the amended 1973 Philippine Constitution,

Article XV, Section 9 (1), he declared that the
"advancement of science and technology shall have
priority in national "Development".
January 23, 1967
- Marcos declared that science was necessary for the
development programs, and thus, directed the Department
of Education to revitalize the science courses in public high
schools.

Dep-Ed and the National Science Development Board

(NSDB) - organized a project to provide selected high schools
with science teaching equipment over a four-year period.

In 1968 - technology was recognized as the leading factor

in economic development and thus additional funds were
channeled to support projects in applied sciences and
science education.
War damage funds was allocated to fund private universities and
encourage them to pursue programs in science, technology and
research. Seminars were also conducted for public and private
high school and college science teachers. Training programs and
scholarships were awarded to graduate and undergraduate
science scholars.

The National Science Development Board

- established the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission to
explore the uses of atomic energy for economic development.

The Philippine for Agriculture Research (PCAR)

- was also established to support the progressive
development of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries for the
country. The Council was attached to the Department of
Agriculture and Natural Resources for administrative purposes.
 Under the Department of National Defense:
- another agency was established by Presidential Decree No. 49, s.
1972
and this is the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services (PAGASA)
PAGASA - provide environmental protection and to utilize scientific
knowledge to ensure the safety of the people.
The Philippine National Oil Company - was also created to promote
industrial and economic development through effective and
efficient use of energy sources (P.D. No. 334. s. 1973).

In 1976, the National Academy of Science and Technology - was

established and was composed of scientists with innovative
achievement in the basic and applied sciences" to serve as a
reservoir of scientific and technological expertise for the country.
In 1979, the government funded scientific research conducted by
National Science Development Board (NSDB), the Philippine
Council for Agricultural Research and Resources, the Plant
Breeding Institute, the International Rice Research Institute, the
Bureau of Plant Industry, and the Bureau of Forest Products.

1980 - National Committee on Geological Sciences was created -

to advise government and private entities on matters pertaining
to geological sciences (Executive Order No. 625, s. 1980).

1980 - National Committee on Geological Sciences was created -

to advise government and private entities on matters pertaining
to geological sciences (Executive Order No. 625, s. 1980).
In 1986 in accordance with Executive Order No. 1090,s.1986

- The Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine

Science High School were established to encourage careers in
science and technology and to be more accessible to the talented
students in the Mindanao and Visayas areas.
Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (CCLH January
25, 1933 - August 1, 2009) was a Filipino politician who served as
the eleventh president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992.
She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of President
Ferdinand Marcos and led to the establishment of the current
democratic Fifth Philippine Republic.
 Science and Technology Development Across
Philippine Presidencies
Corazon Aquino's Presidency (1986-1992)
Fifth Republic
1.) Replaced National Science and Technology Authority with the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST), highlighting
science and technology's role in economic recovery.
2.) Implemented the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan
(1987-1992), prioritizing science and technology among the top
three economic recovery priorities.
3.) Formulated the first Science and Technology Master Plan
(STMP) on August 8,1990's with the goal of achieving industrialized
country status by 2000.
4.) Enacted R.A. 0665, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988, and initiated the "Science for the Masses Program" aimed at
enhancing scientific literacy.
 Fidel Valdez Ramos born March 18, 1928 - July 31, 2022),
popularly known as FVR and Eddie Ramos, was a Filipino general and
politician who served as the 12th President of the Philippines from
1992 to 1998.

He was the only career military officer who reached the rank of
five-star general/admiral de jure. Rising from second lieutenant to
commander-in-chief of the armed forces, Ramos is credited for
revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine
economy during his six years in office.
 Fidel V. Ramos' Presidency (1992-1998)
1.) Introduced the Science and Technology Agenda for Development
(STAND), aiming for a newly industrialized country (NIC) status by
2000.
2.) Formed a presidential task force to address overall problems
confronting Research and Development and Science and
Technology development.

The task force was composed of:

- Department of Science and Technology.
- Department of Agriculture.
- Department of Trade and Industry.
- Department of Transportation and Communication.
- Adviser on public resources and three academic institutions
involved in science and technology.
Science and Technology framework plan entitled "Competence,
Competitive Conscience: The Medium-Term Plan of the Department
of Science and Technology (1999-2004).

The six (6) flagship programs are:

1) Comprehensive program to enhance technology enterprises.
2) Integrated program on clean technologies.
3) Establishment of a packaging R and D center.
4) Expansion of regional meteorology centers.
5) S & T intervention program for the poor, vulnerable and disabled.
6) Comprehensive science and technology program for Mindanao.
1993 - Science and Technology Agenda for National
Development (STAND) was established.
STAND priorities:
(1) exporting winners identified by the DTI.
(2) domestic needs identified by Presidential Coundit for
Countryside Development.
(3) Support industries and
(4) coconut industry development.
The laws enacted by Congress during President Ramos term:
(1) Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (R.A.
8439).
(2) Science and Technology Scholarship Law of 1004 (R.A. No.
76B7).
(3) Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act (Republic Act No.
7459).
 Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel. (R.A.
8439).
- enacted in 1997 aimed to provide incentives and
benefits to professionals working in the fields of science
and technology.
Science and Technology Scholarship Law of 1004 (R.A. No.
76B7).
- this law, enacted in 1994, aimed to provide scholarships to
talented and deserving students pursuing degrees in science and
technology fields. The scholarship program was designed to support
students from low-income families who demonstrated potential for
excellence in S&T disciplines.
Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act (Republic Act No.
7459).
- this law, enacted in 1992, aimed to promote innovation and
creativity by providing incentives and support to inventors and
innovators in the Philippines
 Fidel V. Ramos' Presidency (1992-1998)

The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

(Republic Act No. 8293) - was also enacted which
provides industrial property rights, copyrights and
related rights, and technology transfer arrangements.
 Joseph Ejercito Estrada, born Jose Marcelo Ejercito Sr.; April 19,
1937), also known by the nickname Erap, a Filipino politician and
former actor.
He served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to
2001, the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from1992 to 1998,
and the 26th Mayor of the City of Manila, the country's capital, from
2013 to 2019. In 2001,he became the first Chief Executive in Asia to
be formally impeached and resigned from power. At the age of 86,
he is currently the oldest living former Philippine President.
 Joseph Estrada's Presidency (1998-2001)

Two major legislations that he signed:

1)Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) - which
was designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure
the sustainable
development of its natural resources.
2)Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) -
which outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for
new businesses emerging from the Internet-driven New Economy.

3) He launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective

irrigation technologies.
4) He also announced that dole-outs are out,
- which meant basic health care, basic nutrition, and useful
education for those who want, but cannot afford it.
Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal (born April 5, 1947),
often referred to by her initials PGMA and GMA, is a Filipino
academic and politician who previously served as the 14th
President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the
longest serving president of the Philippines since Ferdinand
Marcos.
Gloria Macapagal -Arroyo's Presidency (2001-2010)
1.) Dubbed as the "golden age" of science and technology by
the secretary Estrella Alabastro emphasized innovation and
environmental protection.

2.) Passed laws promoting biofuels usage (R.A. 9367) and

organic agriculture development (R.A. 10068).
R.A. 9367 or the "Biofuels" Act.
- this act promotes the development and usage of biofuels
throughout the country. This potentially enables a cheaper
alternative to gasoline as a medium in producing energy.
- this benefits the environment since it boasts a cleaner
emission compared to regular fuel.
3.) Strengthened education systems, including the Philippine
Science High School (PSHS), and encouraged private sector
involvement in innovation and education.
 Benigno Simeon Aquino III
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III; (February 8,
1960 - June 24, 2021), also known as Noynoy Aquino and
colloquially as PNoy, was a Filipino politician who served as the
15th President of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. The son of
assassinated politician Benigno Aquino Jr. and 11th President of the
Philippines Corazon Aquino, he was a fourth-generation politician
as part of the Aquino family of Tarlac.
 Benigno Aquino III's Presidency (2010-2016)

To improve the efficiency of both land and water, the government

passed Republic Act 10601 which improves the Agriculture and
Fisheries Sector through Mechanization (AFMech).

RA 10601 - covers research, development, and extension (RE),

promotion, distribution, supply. assembling, manufacturing,
regulation, use, operation, maintenance and project implementation
of agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment.

2010, President Benigno Aquino was considered as the "father of

Organic Agriculture" because of his work on the Organic Agricultural
Act of 2010 (R.A 10068).
In 2014, gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 6.13%. The
gross value added (GVA) in agriculture and fishing went up by
1.60% and this accounted for 10% of the GDP increase. May 23,
2016.

- Republic Act No. 19844, otherwise known as DICT Act of

2015, was signed into law. Under this law, the Department of
Information and Communications Technology will take charge
of planning, developing, and promoting the national ICT
development agenda.
Benigno Aquino III's Presidency (2010-
2016)
May 23, 2016.

- Republic Act No. 19844, otherwise known

as DICT Act of 2015, was signed into law.
Under this law, the Department of Information
and Communications Technology will take
charge of planning, developing, and promoting
the national ICT development agenda.
 Science Education in the Philippines
Science is important to everyone.
School science education should support the
development of scientific literacy in all students as
well as motivate them to pursue careers in science,
technology, and engineering.

Science is useful because of its links to technology

and industry, which, from a national perspective, are
areas of high priority for development. It develops
students' scientific inquiry schools, values, and
attitudes, such as objectivity, curiosity, and honesty
and habits of mind including critical thinking.
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