17 Oscillations

17 Oscillations
 Assessment of learning
Hodder book
Pre test and Post test

3. Past exam questions

4. Monthly test at the end of September

Background Knowledge Q1: A particle of
mass 2.0kg moves on a circle of
radius 4.0m. The experiences a
centripetal force of 100N. Find the
Angular velocity of the motion.
Applications
1. Mass-spring system
2. Simple Pendulum
3. Water level in a U tube.
4. Pistons in car engine
5. Vibrating guitar string
6. Bobbing up and down on water
 Why to learn Simple Harmonic Motion?
1. The molecular vibrations in solid and liquid are
Simple Harmonic.
2. The circular motion and Simple Harmonic
motion are very much related. We can not learn
one without the other.
3. Most importantly, when a wave travels in a
medium, the particles in the medium vibrate in

Simple Harmonic motion.

So, if we are to learn waves, we
need to know Simple Harmonic motion.
 17 Oscillations/ Simple Harmonic Motion
1. Define Equilibrium point, amplitude, period,
frequency, Simple Harmonic Motion, phase, and angular

2. Be competent in using for calculations f and

frequency.

3. Be able to sketch (x-t), (v-t), (a-t), (a-x) and (V-x) graphs.

4. Be able to use T.E.= , and plot (E-x) graph.
17 Oscillations/ Simple Harmonic Motion
6. Be able to derive and use for mass-spring
system and for pendulum
7. Be able to distinguish between light, heavy and
critical damping using the displacement-time graph.
8. Define Resonance and be able to recognize resonance
from (Amplitude-frequency) graph.
Activity 1:
1. Plot the diagram and mark followings
Equilibrium point
Extreme points
Amplitude
Displacement
Be able to define
Period
Frequency
Develop T=1/f Relationship
Basic Definitions
Equilibrium point (O): The point
where there is no net force acting
on the object is called the
equilibrium point.

Displacement (x): Displacement

is the distance that a particle has
moved from its equillibrium
position.
Amplitude (A/ X0): The maximum
displacement from the equilibrium
Oscillation: A back and forth
motion around a fixed point is
called an oscillation.

Period (T): Time for one

complete Oscillation is
called the period of the
motion. Time No. of
Oscillations 𝟏
T 1
𝑻=
Frequency (f): Number of 𝒇
oscillations per unit time. 1 f
 A particle moving in a
18N.1.SL.TZ0.13
circle completes 5 revolutions in
3 s. What is the frequency?
 Definition of Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple Harmonic Motion
(SHM):
1. The acceleration is
directly proportional to the
displacement.
AND
2. The acceleration and
The loudness of mom’s yelling
is proportional to the distance displacement are
between the toddler and mom. opposite in direction.
Q1: A system that is subject to a restoring force
oscillates about an equilibrium position. For the
motion to be simple harmonic, the restoring force
must be proportional to
A. the amplitude of the oscillation.
B. The displacement from the equilibrium position.
C. the potential energy of the system.
D. the period of the oscillation.
Q2: In simple harmonic
17M.1.SL.TZ2.13
oscillations which two quantities always
have opposite directions?
A. Kinetic energy and potential energy
B. Velocity and acceleration
C. Velocity and displacement
D. Acceleration and displacement
Q3: The acceleration and the
displacement of a particle are related
by the equation
(i) Prove the motion is Simple
Harmonic.
(ii) Find the angular frequency of the
motion.
 Acceleration- Displacement graph
2
𝑎=− 𝜔 . 𝑥
𝑦 =𝑚𝑥
Condition 1:(Graph is a
straight line going through
origin) Information
Condition 2: (The graph has 1. The Amplitude
a negative gradient) 2.
19M.1.SL.TZ1.15 A mass
on a spring is
displaced from its
equilibrium position.
Which graph
represents the
variation of
acceleration with
displacement for the
mass after it is
released?
 The Challenge
Type: Pair work
The Displacement- Time Duration: 5minutes
equation is given as Outcome: Winners get
candy

Prove, the motion is

simple Harmonic.
Hodder book
Page 283
End of Chapter Question 1
The motion- time graphs of SHM

𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴 𝜔

2
𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴 𝜔
 The motion- time graphs of SHM
The observations.
• The phase difference between
(x,t) and (v,t) graphs is 900
• The phase difference between
(x,t) and (a,t) graphs is 1800
• There is no rule that SHM
must start from x=0. As long
as the above two conditions
are satisfied, the motion is
simple Harmonic.
19M.1.SL.TZ1.14 A particle performs
simple harmonic motion (SHM). What is
the phase difference between the
displacement and the acceleration of the
particle?
 3. Simple Pendulum
Activity:
Derive the equation and
present to the class.
Type: 3 people in a group.
Assessment: Weekly test

3. Water level in a U tube.

1. Mass-spring system 4. Horizontal trolley with two springs

Simple Pendulum
18M.1.HL.TZ2.24 A simple pendulum bob oscillates as
shown.

At which position is the resultant force on the

pendulum bob zero?
A. At position A B. At position B
C. At position C
D. Resultant force is never zero during the
oscillation
Past exam
paper
questions
Q14, Q15
Mass attached spring
For the motion to be simple Harmonic : e
18M.1.HL.TZ1.26 The mass at the end of a vertical
spring and a simple pendulum perform oscillations on
Earth that are simple harmonic with time period T. Both
the pendulum and the mass-spring system are taken to
the Moon. The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is
smaller than that on Earth. What is correct about the
time periods of the pendulum and the mass-spring
system on the Moon?
Past exam
paper
questions
Q6, Q8
Horizontal spring
Mass attached to two springs oscillating on a
horizontal plane

For the motion to be simple Harmonic :

Past exam papers Q2

Past exam
paper
questions
Q2, 9, 16,17
 A test tube bobbing in liquid
A liquid column in a U-tube

𝐴 𝜌𝑔
2h 𝑎=− .𝑥
𝑎=− .𝑥 𝑀
𝑔
Past exam papers Q3 Past exam papers Q3
Past exam
paper
questions
Q2, 9, 16,17
Velocity- Displacement Equation of SHM
14M.1.SL.TZ1.13 A
body undergoes
simple harmonic
motion. Which
graph correctly
shows the
variation with
displacement x of
the velocity v of
the body?
Past exam
paper
questions
Q10, 13
 Activity: Determination of relationship
between the uniform circular motion and
the simple harmonic motion

2
Duration: 5 minutes
Type: Teacher Demo 𝑎=− 𝜔 . 𝑥
Outcome: Connect the angular
velocity of circular motion to
the angular frequency of SHM.
Activity
Phase of a SHM
The Angular displacement
of corresponding uniform
circular motion is called the
Phase of SHM.

Angular Frequency of SHM ()

The Angular velocity of
corresponding uniform circular http://faraday.physics.utoronto.
ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Fla
motion is called the angular sh/ClassMechanics/Circular2SH
frequency of SHM. M/Circular2SHM.html
18M.1.HL.TZ2.24 A simple pendulum bob oscillates as
shown.

At which position is the resultant force on the

pendulum bob zero?
A. At position A B. At position B
C. At position C
D. Resultant force is never zero during the
oscillation
 4.1 & 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
1. Be able to give some examples of SHM/ Explain the
importance of learning SHM
2. Define simple harmonic motion and relate it to the (a-x)
graph
3. Define Equilibrium point, amplitude, period ,frequency
and angular frequency
4. Be competent in using for calculations

5. Be able to draw (x-t), (v-t), (a-t) and (V-x) graphs

6. Define Phase of a SHM.
4.1 & 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
7. Be able to use E= ,
and to explain E- x
relationship.
8. Be able to use and P for E- time trelationship
9. Be able to use for mass-spring system and for
pendulum
 Energy- time Equations of SHM

Total Energy
 Energy- time Equations of SHM

P
Q1: Which graph
shows the
variation with
time t of the kinetic
energy (KE) of an
object undergoing
simple harmonic
motion (SHM) of
period T?
Q2: A particle is
displaced from rest and
released at time t = 0. It
performs simple
harmonic motion
(SHM). Which graph
shows the variation
with time of the kinetic
energy Ek of the
particle?
Q3: An object undergoing
simple harmonic motion
(SHM) has a period T and
total energy E. The
amplitude of oscillations is
halved. What are the new
period and total energy
of the system?
 Energy- Displacement relationship of SHM

Total Energy

PE
Q1: A mass oscillates with simple
harmonic motion (SHM) of amplitude
A. Its total energy is 16 J.
What is the kinetic energy of the
mass when its displacement is A/2?

A. 4 J B. 8 J C. 12 J D. 16 J
Q2: A particle is oscillating with simple
harmonic motion (shm) of amplitude A and
maximum kinetic energy Ek. What is the
potential energy of the system when the
particle is a distance 0.20A from its
maximum displacement?

A. 0.20Ek B. 0.36Ek C. 0.64Ek D. 0.80Ek

 Resonance

Let a periodic force to be

applied on a system. When
the driving frequency of the
force= Natural frequency of
the stsyem, the system
oscillates with maximum
amplitude. This is called
Resonance.
 Damping and SHM graphs
2 2
𝒎𝑨 𝝎
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 =
2
2
𝑬 ∝ 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚

Damping only affects the

Gradual reduction of total amplitude of the simple
energy of an oscillating system Harmonic Motion. The
due to work done against period/ Frequency remains
resistive forces is called the same.
damping.
 4.1 & 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
1. Be able to give some examples of SHM/ Explain the
importance of learning SHM
2. Define simple harmonic motion and relate it to the (a-x)
graph
3. Define Equilibrium point, amplitude, period ,frequency
andangular frequency
4. Be competent in using for calculations

5. Be able to draw (x-t), (v-t), (a-t) and (V-x) graphs

6. Define Phase of a SHM.
4.1 & 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
7. Be able to use E= ,
and to explain E- x
relationship.
8. Be able to use and P for E- time trelationship
9. Be able to use for mass-spring system and for
pendulum