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Chapter 1 Engineering Material

The document introduces materials science and engineering, highlighting the relationship between material structures and properties, and differentiating the roles of materials scientists and engineers. It outlines the four components of the discipline: processing, performance, structure, and properties, and categorizes important material properties into mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. Additionally, it classifies materials into ferrous and non-ferrous metals, non-metallic synthetic materials, ceramics, polymers, composites, and advanced materials, including semiconductors and biomaterials, while also discussing the emerging field of smart materials.

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adanezekarias34
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2 views

Chapter 1 Engineering Material

The document introduces materials science and engineering, highlighting the relationship between material structures and properties, and differentiating the roles of materials scientists and engineers. It outlines the four components of the discipline: processing, performance, structure, and properties, and categorizes important material properties into mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. Additionally, it classifies materials into ferrous and non-ferrous metals, non-metallic synthetic materials, ceramics, polymers, composites, and advanced materials, including semiconductors and biomaterials, while also discussing the emerging field of smart materials.

Uploaded by

adanezekarias34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One

introduction to material science and engineering


• materials science‖ involves investigating the relationships
that exist between the structures and properties of
materials.
• materials engineering; designing or engineering the
structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of
properties.
• the role of a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize
new materials, whereas
• a materials engineer is called upon to create new products
or systems using existing materials, and/or to develop
techniques for processing materials.
Cont……
The four components of the discipline of materials science
and engineering.
• Processing
• Performance
• Structure; the structure of a material usually relates to
the arrangement of its internal components.
• A property; is a material trait in terms of the kind and
magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus.
• the structure of a material will depend on how it is
processed & a material’s performance will be a function
of its properties
Cont…..
Cont.……

• all important properties of solid materials may be


grouped into six different categories:
• mechanical, Mechanical properties relate
deformation to an applied load or force; examples
include elastic modulus and strength.
• electrical, For electrical properties, such as electrical
conductivity and electrical resistivity, the stimulus is
an electric field.
• thermal, The thermal behavior of solids can be
represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal
conductivity.
Cont.………
• magnetic, Magnetic properties demonstrate
the response of a material to the application of
a magnetic field.
• optical, For optical properties, the stimulus is
electromagnetic or light radiation; index of
refraction and reflectivity are representative
optical properties
• Deteriorative, deteriorative characteristics
relate to the chemical reactivity of materials.
Classification of engineering materials;
Ferrous metals

 These are metals and alloys containing a high proportion


of the element iron.
 They are the strongest materials available and
 used for applications where high strength is required at
relatively low cost and where weight is not of primary
importance.
 The ferrous metals themselves can also be classified into
"families'
.
Non – ferrous metals
 These materials refer to the remaining metals known to
mankind.
 They are used where their special properties such as corrosion
resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity
are required.
 Copper and aluminum are used as electrical conductors and,
together with sheet zinc and sheet lead, are use as roofing
materials.
 They are mainly used with other metals to improve their
strength.
 Some widely used non-ferrous metals and alloys are
classified as shown in figure
Non – metallic (synthetic materials)

 These are non – metallic materials that do not exist in nature,


although they are manufactured from natural substances such
as oil, coal and clay.

 They combine good corrosion resistance with ease of


manufacture by molding to shape and relatively low cost.

 Synthetic adhesives are also being used for the joining of


metallic components even in highly stressed applications.
.

• Ceramics are compounds between metallic and


nonmetallic elements;
 they are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides.
• Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials.
 Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically
based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements
(viz. O, N, and Si).
• A composite is composed of two (or more) individual
materials, which come from the categories discussed above
—viz., metals, ceramics, and polymers.
 The design goal of a composite is to achieve a combination
of properties that is not displayed by any single material,
 and also to incorporate the best characteristics of each of
the component materials.
Advanced materials;

• Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-


tech) applications are sometimes termed advanced
materials.
• By high technology we mean a device or product that
operates or functions using relatively sophisticated
principles;
• examples include electronic equipment (camcorders,
CD/DVD players, etc.), computers, fiber-optic systems,
spacecraft, aircraft, and military rocketry
.

Semiconductors;
• Semiconductors have electrical properties that are
intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals
and metal alloys) and insulators (viz. ceramics and
polymers).
Biomaterials;
• Biomaterials are employed in components implanted into the
human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body
parts.
• These materials must not produce toxic substances and must
be compatible with body tissues (i.e., must not cause adverse
biological reactions).
• All of the above materials—metals, ceramics, polymers,
composites, and semiconductors—may be used as
biomaterials
Materials of the Future
Smart Materials;
 Smart (or intelligent) materials are a group of new and state-
of-the-art materials now being developed that will have a
significant influence on many of our technologies.
 The adjective “smart” implies that these materials are able
to sense changes in their environments and then respond to
these changes in predetermined manners.
 Components of a smart material (or system) include some
type of sensor (that detects an input signal), and an actuator
(that performs a responsive and adaptive function).
 Actuators may be called upon to change shape, position,
natural frequency, or mechanical characteristics in response
to changes in temperature, electric fields, and/or magnetic
fields
quiz
1. Differentiate material science and material engineering
2. Briefly describe four components of the discipline of
materials science and engineering
3. Explain biomaterial and smart material
.

Thank you

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