LECTURE: 1

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ESSENTIALS (INT 428)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that focuses on creating
systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as
learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding.
AI Applications: Smart Home
1. Smart Home
•Voice-Controlled Assistants: Devices like Amazon Alexa and Google Home automate tasks
through voice commands.

•Smart Thermostats: AI-powered thermostats (e.g., Nest) adjust temperature settings based on
user behavior.

•Home Security Systems: AI-enabled cameras recognize faces and detect unusual activities
(e.g., Ring, Arlo).

•Energy Management: AI optimizes energy usage by controlling lights and appliances

remotely.

•Predictive Maintenance: Smart appliances predict failures and schedule maintenance (e.g.,
LG ThinQ).

•Personalized Entertainment: AI curates content suggestions on smart TVs (e.g., Netflix

recommendations).
AI Applications: Smart City
2. Smart City
•Traffic Management: AI-based systems optimize traffic flow using real-time data (e.g., adaptive
traffic lights).

•Waste Management: Smart bins with sensors notify authorities when full (e.g., Bigbelly smart
bins).

•Energy Efficiency: AI manages electricity grids for optimal power distribution.

•Public Safety: AI-powered surveillance systems detect suspicious activities (e.g., facial
recognition).

•Smart Parking: Real-time parking availability detection reduces congestion.

•Environmental Monitoring: AI tracks air quality and pollution levels (e.g., AirVisual sensors).
AI Applications: Medical
3. Medical
•Disease Diagnosis: AI models detect diseases like cancer from medical images (e.g., IBM Watson
Health).

•Personalized Medicine: AI customizes treatments based on genetic profiles.

•Robotic Surgery: Robots assist in precision surgeries (e.g., Da Vinci Surgical System).

•Virtual Health Assistants: Chatbots provide health advice and reminders (e.g., Ada Health).

•Predictive Analytics: AI predicts disease outbreaks and patient deterioration.

•Drug Discovery: AI accelerates new drug development (e.g., BenevolentAI).

AI Applications: Agriculture
4. Agriculture
•Precision Farming: AI analyzes soil and weather data to optimize crop yields.

•Pest Detection: Drones with AI detect pest infestations early (e.g., Taranis).

•Automated Irrigation: AI controls irrigation systems to conserve water (e.g., CropX).

•Yield Prediction: AI forecasts crop production using satellite imagery.

•Weed Control: AI-driven robots identify and remove weeds (e.g., Blue River Technology).

•Supply Chain Optimization: AI streamlines logistics from farm to market.

AI Applications: Stock Market
5. Stock Market
•Algorithmic Trading: AI executes trades at high speeds for better profits.

•Market Predictions: AI predicts stock trends based on historical data (e.g., Sentiment analysis).

•Fraud Detection: AI identifies fraudulent transactions and market manipulation.

•Portfolio Management: Robo-advisors optimize investment portfolios (e.g., Betterment, Wealthfront).

•Risk Assessment: AI models assess financial risks in investments.

•High-Frequency Trading: AI uses data patterns for microsecond trading advantages.

AI Applications: Transportation
6. Transportation
•Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars use AI for navigation (e.g., Tesla Autopilot).

•Traffic Prediction: AI forecasts traffic conditions and suggests optimal routes (e.g., Google
Maps).

•Fleet Management: AI optimizes logistics and fleet operations (e.g., Uber Freight).

•Predictive Maintenance: AI detects potential vehicle failures in advance.

•Public Transport Scheduling: AI adjusts schedules based on commuter demand.

•Smart Traffic Signals: Adaptive signals improve traffic flow and reduce congestion.
AI Applications: Gaming
7. Gaming
•Non-Player Characters (NPCs): AI powers realistic NPC behavior in games (e.g., The Sims).

•Game Testing: AI automates bug detection and gameplay testing.

•Procedural Content Generation: AI creates dynamic game environments (e.g., No Man's Sky).

•Player Behavior Prediction: AI adapts game difficulty based on player behavior.

•Real-Time Rendering: AI enhances graphics performance and realism.

•Voice and Gesture Recognition: AI enables voice and motion control in games (e.g., Xbox Kinect).
AI Project Cycle
What is AI?
 What is Intelligence?
It is the ability to:
• acquire knowledge and skills,
• solve problems,
• and adapt to new situations.
• Logical Reasoning: Making decisions based on facts and logic (e.g., strategizing in chess).
• Creativity: Developing new ideas and innovative solutions (e.g., inventing a new product).

• Fig-1
 Key Aspects of Intelligence:
• Reasoning
• Problem-solving
• Learning
• Perception
• Decision-making
 What is Artificial Intelligence?
• AI is a branch of computer science.
• Develops machines that simulate human intelligence.
• Enables machines to think and learn.
• Focuses on solving complex human problems.
 Goals of AI:
• Simulation of Human Intelligence: AI systems mimic human thinking (e.g.,
virtual assistants like Siri).
• Automation of Tasks: AI automates repetitive tasks (e.g., robotic process
automation in businesses).
• Learning and Adaptation: AI models learn and improve over time (e.g.,
recommendation systems).
• Natural Interaction: AI allows for human-like interactions (e.g., chatbots in
customer service).
• Solving Complex Problems: AI tackles challenges beyond human capacity (e.g.,
weather prediction models).
• Enhancing Efficiency: AI streamlines operations to save time and costs (e.g.,
supply chain automation).
 Foundations of Artificial
Intelligence:
• Philosophy (Logic and Reasoning): AI systems apply logical reasoning (e.g.,
rule-based expert systems).
• Mathematics (Probability, Statistics, Algorithms): AI models use algorithms to
analyze data (e.g., regression models).
• Psychology (Human Behavior): AI mimics human thought processes (e.g.,
behavior prediction in marketing).
• Computer Engineering (Hardware/Software): AI depends on computing power
and efficient coding (e.g., GPUs for deep learning).
• Neuroscience (Brain Functioning): Neural networks are inspired by the human
brain (e.g., deep learning models).
• Linguistics (Language Processing): AI understands and generates human
language (e.g., machine translation).
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