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MODULE 5 - Retransmission and Packet Loss

The document discusses packet loss, which occurs when data packets fail to reach their destination, often due to network congestion or hardware issues. It highlights the impact of packet loss on activities like video conferencing and online gaming, as well as the importance of retransmission in ensuring reliable data delivery. Additionally, it outlines common causes of packet loss and the filters used in Wireshark to analyze retransmission and lost segments.

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James Billate
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0 views22 pages

MODULE 5 - Retransmission and Packet Loss

The document discusses packet loss, which occurs when data packets fail to reach their destination, often due to network congestion or hardware issues. It highlights the impact of packet loss on activities like video conferencing and online gaming, as well as the importance of retransmission in ensuring reliable data delivery. Additionally, it outlines common causes of packet loss and the filters used in Wireshark to analyze retransmission and lost segments.

Uploaded by

James Billate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 5:

etransmission and
Packet Loss
GOAL OF STUDIES:

DISCOVER AND DEFINE A “PACKET LOSS”

STUDY “RETRANSMISSION”

DO MINI CASE STUDY HANDS-ON


PACKET LOSS
Occurs when data packets
traveling across a network
fail to reach their
destination. This can lead to
retransmissions, delays, or
even dropped connections.
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON
CAUSES OF THIS?
NETWORK CONGESTIONS

1. When too many devices are


sending data at the same time, the
network becomes overloaded.

2. Routers and switches drop


packets when they can’t handle
the load.
EXAMPLE CASE STUDY:

Employees Streaming Video Calls


(Zoom, Teams, Google Meet) Simultaneously
Situation:

•A company with 100+ employees joins video


meetings at the same time.

•The office Wi-Fi or wired network has limited


bandwidth.

•Some users experience frozen video, audio


delays, or dropped calls due to packet loss.
EXAMPLE CASE STUDY NO. 1:

Employees Streaming Video Calls


(Zoom, Teams, Google Meet) Simultaneously

Why?

1. Video conferencing requires high-speed, low-


latency connections.

2. Network routers prioritize some traffic, but if


overloaded, packets get dropped.
WHAT TYPES OF TRAFFICS
DOES THE NETWORK ROUTER PRIORITIZES?
1. Real-Time & Low-Latency Traffic (Highest
Priority)

Voice over IP (VoIP) Calls

Example: Zoom, Skype, Microsoft Teams

Why?
Delays (latency) can cause choppy or robotic
voices.
WHAT TYPES OF TRAFFICS
DOES THE NETWORK ROUTER PRIORITIZES?

2. Video Conferencing & Streaming

Example: Google Meet, WebEx, Netflix Live


Streams

Why?

Packets arriving late cause buffering and lag.


WHAT TYPES OF TRAFFICS
DOES THE NETWORK ROUTER PRIORITIZES?

3. Online Gaming

Example: Call of Duty, Valorant, Fortnite

Why?

Packets arriving late cause buffering and lag.


WHAT TYPES OF TRAFFICS
DOES THE NETWORK ROUTER PRIORITIZES?

4. Remote Desktop & Virtual Machines

Example: Hyper-V, AWS Workspace, Citrix

Why?

Any delay makes remote work unresponsive!


Network routers prioritize some traffic,
but if overloaded, packets get dropped.
This means that when a network
is overloaded with too much
traffic, routers and switches
cannot handle all incoming data at
once.

As a result, some packets are


dropped (discarded) to free up
resources.
SOME COMMON INCIDENTS OF
PACKET LOSS
1. NETWORK CONGESTION
Too many devices sending data
simultaneously

Overloaded routers drop


packets to manage traffic

Common in Wi-Fi networks,


video calls, and gaming
2. HARDWARE ISSUES
If a switch has too many
Failing network switches, routers, connections or a damaged
Network Interface Cards port, it may randomly drop
packets.

When devices like routers,


switches, servers, and
Overheating network devices modems overheat, they can
malfunction, slow down, or
even shut down.

When there is damaged


Damaged Ethernet cables cables, Data packets are
causing signal degradation delayed or lost due to
transmission errors.
3. INTERNET PROVIDER ISSUES
Some ISPs send more data
Unbalanced Traffic Flow than they receive, leading to
disputes and degraded
performance.

Peering points require


Failure to Upgrade continuous upgrades to
handle increasing bandwidth
Infrastructure demands.

If an ISP lacks local peering


agreements, traffic may take
Geographical Limitations longer routes through
multiple networks, increasing
latency.
FILTERINGS FOR
RETRANSMISSION & PACKET LOSS
The following filters in the Wireshark are used to isolate
specific issues:

tcp.analysis.retransmission

tcp.analysis.lost_segment

tcp.analysis.retransmission or tcp.analysis.lost_segment

tcp.analysis.retransmission or tcp.analysis.fast_ retransmission


WTF IS “RETRASMISSION”?
The process of resending data packets that were lost, corrupted, or not
acknowledged by the receiver in a network communication.

It is a key feature of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to ensure


reliable data delivery.
Why Retransmission Happens?

•Packet Loss (due to congestion, weak Wi-Fi, or routing issues)

•Network Latency (delays in packet delivery)

•Out-of-Order Delivery (packets arrive in the wrong order)

•Corrupted Packets (caused by interference or hardware issues)


Why Lost Segment Happens?

A lost segment means that a TCP packet was sent, but Wireshark did
not capture it—meaning the packet is missing from the
capture file.

•Packet Loss in the Network (But Retransmission has not yet happened)

•The Packet was sent but dropped before reaching Wireshark

•Capture Issues (Not all packets were recorded!)

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