Solar Battery Charger

Department of Electrical Engineering

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY GORAKHPUR UP

273010
Presented by:
1.Krishna Singh (2019031070)
2.Krishna Chandra (2019031069) Under Guidance of:
3.Kajal (2019031064) Prof. A. N. TIWARI
4.Anchal Adarsh (2019031026)
5.Manish Verma (2019031072)
6.Himanshu Raj (2019031061)
Content
 Introduction
 Solar Power Generation
 Hardware Used
 Solar Panel
 Inverter Circuit
 Battery
 Step Up Transformer
 Block Diagram
 Working
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
 A solar battery charger is an electronic device that charges the DC (direct current)
electricity produced by solar panels into a rechargeable battery that can be used to
power homes, businesses, and other electrical devices or can be converted to AC as
per use by inverter.

 In other words, a solar battery charger is a crucial component of a solar power

system as it helps to charge the energy generated by the sun into usable electricity
as comfort.

 Solar battery charger operated on the principle that the charge control circuit will
produce the constant voltage. The output voltage and current are regulated.
Battery is charged using the same current.
Solar Power Generation
 Solar power generation is the process of harnessing energy from the sun and
converting it into usable electricity. This process involves the use of solar panels
that are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells.

 When sunlight hits these PV cells, it generates an electrical charge that is collected
and used to power homes, businesses, and other electrical devices.

 Components of a solar power system include solar panels, solar inverters, batteries
(if energy storage is required), and a power grid connection (if applicable).

 The size of the solar power system will depend on factors such as energy
requirements, available space, and budget.
Hardware used
 Solar Panel

 Inverter Circuit

 Battery

 Step-up Transformer
Solar Panel
 A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into
electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The
photovoltaic effect occurs when sunlight interacts with the
semiconductor material within the solar panel, creating an
electrical charge. These charges are then collected and
channeled into electrical circuits to produce usable
electricity.
 Solar panels are made up of several photovoltaic cells that
are typically made from silicon, although other materials
such as cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium
selenite, and perovskite are also used. The most common
type of solar panel is the crystalline silicon panel, which is
made up of two layers of silicon, with one layer doped
with boron and the other doped with phosphorous
Inverter Circuit
 The inverter circuit is a crucial component of a solar power
system, responsible for converting the DC electricity
produced by the solar panels into AC electricity that can be
used by electrical devices. The inverter circuit works by
using electronic components such as transistors and
capacitors to switch the DC voltage from the solar panels
into an AC voltage.
 There are several different types of inverter circuits used in
solar power systems, including the traditional pulse-width
modulation (PWM) inverter, the newer high-frequency
transformer less inverter, and the micro inverter. Each type
of inverter circuit has its own unique features and benefits.
Battery
 A battery is an energy storage device that is often used
in solar power systems to store excess electricity
generated by solar panels for use at a later time.
Batteries can help to provide a more reliable and
consistent supply of electricity, particularly in areas
where the solar panels may not generate enough power
during certain times of the day or during periods of low
sunlight.
 The most common type of battery used in solar power
systems is the lead-acid battery. Lead-acid batteries are
reliable and cost-effective, making them a popular
choice for solar power systems. However, other types of
batteries such as lithium-ion batteries are becoming
more popular due to their higher efficiency and longer
lifespan.
Step-up Transformer
 A step-up transformer is a device used in a solar power
system to increase the voltage of the AC electricity
produced by the inverter circuit. The step-up
transformer works by using a coil of wire wrapped
around a magnetic core to increase the voltage of the
electricity passing through it.
 In a solar power system, the step-up transformer is
typically used to increase the voltage of the AC
electricity generated by the inverter circuit to a level
that is suitable for transmission over long distances.
This is because higher voltage AC electricity is more
efficient for long-distance transmission than lower
voltage AC electricity.
 Block Diagram

Inverter Step-up
Solar Panel Battery
Circuit Transformer

DC
Switch AC Load
Voltmeter
220 Volt, 50
Hz
Working
 The solar battery charger system works by charging the battery with DC and
then, converting the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the solar panels
into alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used by electrical devices.
The system consists of several components, including the solar panels, inverter
circuit, and step-up transformer.
 The solar panels generate DC electricity when sunlight strikes the photovoltaic
cells. The DC electricity is then fed into the battery and then to inverter circuit,
which converts it into AC electricity. The inverter circuit uses electronic
components such as transistors and capacitors to switch the DC voltage from the
solar panels into an AC voltage.
 The AC electricity produced by the inverter circuit is typically at a lower voltage
than is required for transmission over long distances or connection to the
electrical grid. To increase the voltage of the AC electricity, a step-up transformer
is used. The step-up transformer works by using a coil of wire wrapped around a
magnetic core to increase the voltage of the electricity passing through it.
Advantages
There are several advantages to using a solar battery charger in a solar
power system:
 Energy independence
 Cost savings
 Reduced carbon footprint
 Reliability
 Low maintenance
 Scalability
Limitations
Despite the advantages of using a solar battery charger in a solar power
system, there are also some limitations to consider:
 Cost
 Dependence on sunlight
 Installation and maintenance
 Battery storage
 Limited power output
Conclusion
In conclusion, solar battery chargers play a crucial role in charging the DC power
generated by solar panels into a rechargeable battery that can be used to power homes
and businesses.

Solar power systems offer numerous advantages, including energy independence, cost
savings, and reduced carbon footprint. However, there are also some limitations to
consider, including cost, efficiency, dependence on sunlight, and installation and
maintenance requirements.

With advancements in technology and continued support for renewable energy, solar
power systems, solar battery chargers and inverters are expected to become increasingly
efficient, reliable, and affordable, making solar power a more accessible and sustainable
energy source for the future.
References
 "Solar Inverters: What You Need to Know" by EnergySage:
https://www.energysage.com/solar/solar-panels/solar-inverters/
 "What is a Solar Inverter and How Does it Work?" by Solar Reviews:
https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/what-is-a-solar-inverter-and-how-does-it-
work
 "Solar Inverter: Types, Advantages and Disadvantages" by Electrical
Technology: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/03/solar-inverter-
types-advantages-and-disadvantages.html
 "Solar Inverters: The Heart of Your Solar Energy System" by Clean Energy
Reviews: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/solar-inverters-the-
heart-of-your-solar-energy-system
 "The Pros and Cons of Solar Energy" by Energy.gov:
https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/pros-and-cons-solar-energy