INTRODUCTION TO TELECOM NETWORKS

RTTC, Hyderabad
 Telecom Network

User or
Access or
Core
Network Network Network
 Broadband Telecom Network
Content
Broadcaster Servers

Internet / Telecom
Provider

Broadcast Internet
Network High speed
Core Core Network
IP, ATM, SDH,
Network MPLS, WDM

Headend Node
Node
Headend

LMDS
LMDS WiMAX
WiMAX POTS
POTS ISDN
ISDN
MMDS
MMDS WiFi,
WiFi, GSM
GSM
Access xDSL
xDSL fibre
fibre HFC
HFC
GPRS
GPRS UMTS
UMTS
Network FTTH
FTTH

User
Terminal
IEEE View of Wireless Network Technologies
WWAN
> 50 km
802.20 (proposed)

WiMAX WMAN
<50 km
75 Mbit/s
802.16d/e

Wi-Fi® WLAN
<100 m
11-54 Mbit/s
802.11a/b/ g

WPAN
<10 m
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)*
802.15.3 (UWB) **
802.15.4 (ZigBee)*** * Bluetooth: ~1 Mbit/s
** UWB: 100 Mbit/s
*** ZigBee: 20-250 kbps
Source: ITU, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003 and Pyramid Research
Broadband Wireless Access
Technologies
 WPAN
 Bluetooth
 WLAN
 WiFi
 WMAN
 WIMAX
 LMDS / MMDS
 FSO
 WWAN - Cellular Mobile Telephony
 GSMGPRS,EDGE
 3G-UMTS
 CDMA 2000 1x RTT EVDOEVDV
Spectrum Map of Various Wireless
Technologies
data rate

1Gbps
UWB

100Mbps
802.11a/g WLAN
10Mbps 802.16a WiMAX 802.20 WWAN
WMAN
802.11b WLAN
1Mbps 3G/4G
Bluetooth
100kbps
2G/2.5G Cell
Phone
10kbps RFID Service
Sensor
Network
Personal Local Metropolitan Wide distance
Area Area Area Area
Network Network Network Network
(<10m) (<100m) (1 to 48km) (>48km)
Spectrum
UNII
International US International Japan
Licensed Licensed Licensed ISM
ISM Licensed

1 2 3 4 5 GHz

ISM: Industrial, Scientific & Medical Band – Unlicensed band

UNII: Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure band – Unlicensed band

WiFi / WiMAX considering both licensed and

unlicensed options
What is Wireless LAN / WiFi
WiFi Ranges
Increasing 802.11 Range Using
Directional Antennas
802.11 Last Mile Networks

Proprietary
Solutions
Wi-Fi Subscriber Station
With High-Gain Antenna
Internet

Ethernet Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Telco core
network
Or private
Internal Access
(fiber)
Point with hub network

Ethernet Wi-Fi Access Point

With High-Gain antenna

Customer Premise
(Home, Business or HOTSPOT)
WiMAX
Fixed
Access Portable
Small to Access
Mid size
Business

WiMAX Base Station

(Towers or rooftop antennas)
CPE

Mobile Network
Backhaul
Residential
SOHO

HotSpot
Backhaul WiFi/802.11
Hotspot
Cellular
APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX
 Multiple broadband users from a single
CPE (with different SLAs) – Rural BB
 Leased lines
 MPLS VPN support
 Backhaul of WiFi
 Backhaul of DSLAM
WIMAX Architecture

13
 WiMAX - Last Mile Broadband
Video
PSTN
Cellular Mobile
Telephony BTS
Internet
Enterprise Cellular
Customer backhaul

High Speed
Content &
Core Network
Application
Providers
Mobile
Broadband
User
BBRAS

Home User /
SOHO
 DSLAM BACKHAUL APPLICATION

Up to 20kmts

Ethernet Ethernet
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max
BTS
Wi-Max Wi-Max DSLAM
DSLAM CPE CPE
Location-
Location- 2
1 Ethernet
Switch

BRAS INTERNET
BACKBONE
 WIMAX
Last Mile Networks

WIMAX
Subscriber
Station I M AX
W haul
k
Bac

POTS

Wi-Fi s
Ac ce s
AX
WIM PMP
Access
Point

Ethernet Core Network

WiMAX Base Station
PSTN

Customer Premise Internet

(Home/Business/SOHO/HOTSPOT)
WiMAX - IEEE802.16
Air Interface:
OFDM, OFDMA, 64QAM, 2048 sub-carriers,
NLOS

Bands
2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.5-2.7 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5-6
GHz
Bandwidth or Channel Sizes:
3 MHz, 3.5 MHz, 6 MHz, 7 MHz, 10 MHz, 14 MHz
and 20 MHz

Data rates:
56 Mbps- 63 Mbps in a 14 MHz Channel
Maximum 74.7 Mbps in a 20MHz channel
Switching Methods
Switching

Message Switching

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching
Datagram Approach

Virtual Circuit
Approach
SVC PVC
Message Switching

Store & Store &

Forward Forward
M1 M2
A D
M2
M1

Store & Store &

Forward Forward
M1
B E
M2 M1
Virtual Circuits - PVC/SVC

2 1
4 3 2 1 1
2
3
4

1
2
4 3 2 1
2 1
2 1
Datagram Approach

1 2 1
4 3 2 1 1 1
1 3

3 4
3 3
1
4 1
4 2
2
4 2 3 4 1

2 1 1
4 2
2
2
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Antennas
 How BIG is a satellite?

Satellites under construction by

Space System Loral
Signal Flow in Satcom
IPSTAR
Satellite  Manufacturer: Space System/Loral (Palo Alto, USA)
 Model: FS-1300SX
 Launched Date: 11 August 2005
 Launcher: Ariane 5
• Orbital Slot: 119.5º East

 Specification:

• Equipped with more than 100 TWTAs

• 1,250 kg of Payload
• 12 kW of Payload Power
• 14 kW Total Power
• 3,300 kg Dry Mass after 6,400 kg Launch Mass
• Bi-propellant / Stationary Plasma Thrusters
• Compatible with Ariane 5, Delta IV and Atlas V
• 5 Panel Solar Cells
• 44-149 A-hr cells Ni-H Batteries
• Lifetime is more than 12 years

05/07/18 27
Antenna Look Angles
Thanks