OSHA

Standards
BT20CME093 Ankit Shukla
BT20CME104 Syed Abid Hussain
BT20CME105 Shraddha Tale
BT20CME115 Yashasvi Therkar
DT23CME009 Vinayak Londhe
Guided By-
Dr. D.Z. Shende Sir
INTRODUCTION
• OSHA stands for Occupational Safety & Health
Administration.

• On December 29, 1970, President Nixon signed the

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act)
into law, establishing OSHA.

• OSHA is a federal agency in the United States that

operates under the Department of Labor.

• Primary mission of this agency is to ensure safe and

healthy working conditions for employees by increasing
the awareness about workplace safety.
WORKPLACE
SAFETY
• Workplace safety refers to the measures,
protocols, policies, and practices implemented
within a workplace to protect employees from
hazards, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities while
they are on the job.

• Under the OSHA law, employers are

responsible for providing a safe and healthful
workplace for their workers.
COMPONENTS OF WORKPLACE
SAFETY
Identification and Assessment of Hazards

Risk Management and Control Measures

Training and Education

Safety Policies and Procedures

Regular Inspections and Audits

 PURPOSE OF OSHA STANDARDS

PROTECTING WORKERS PREVENTING WORKPLACE REDUCING PROMOTING RAISING AWARENESS

ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESSES COMPLIANCE AND AND EDUCATION
CONSISTENCY
 • Prior to the creation of OSHA, workplace safety in the United States was
regulated through a patchwork of state laws, industry standards, and
voluntary guidelines. Enforcement of safety regulations was
often inconsistent, and many workplaces lacked adequate
protections against hazards, leading to high rates of accidents, injuries,

HISTORY and fatalities.

OF OSHA • In 1970, an estimated 14,000 workers were killed on the job – about 38
every day.

• On December 29, 1970, President Nixon signed the Occupational Safety

and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) into law, establishing OSHA.

• The history of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

is closely tied to the broader history of workplace safety regulation in the
United States.
• As and when the labor sector needed reforms and regulations the standards, norms and
objectives of OSHA were modified and improved.

• Growing concerns about workplace safety, fueled by high-profile accidents and widespread
industrial hazards, led to calls for federal action to address the issue. Labor unions, safety advocates,
and public health organizations campaigned for the establishment of comprehensive federal
regulations to protect workers from occupational hazards.

• The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) was introduced in Congress in 1970 with strong
backing from the labor movement, public health advocates, and progressive lawmakers. The bill
aimed to establish a comprehensive framework for regulating workplace safety and health at the
federal level.
 Reduction in Workplace Fatalities and Injuries

IMPACT OF Development and Enforcement of Safety

OSHA ON Standards

OCCUPATIO Promotion of Safety Culture

NAL
HEALTH Whistleblower Protection

AND Focus on High-Risk Industries and Hazards

SAFETY
Voluntary Programs and Partnerships
MILESTONES ACHIEVED BY OSHA

Coupled with the efforts of employers, workers, safety and health professionals, unions and advocates, OSHA and its state
partners have dramatically improved workplace safety, reducing work-related fatalities by almost 63 percent.

For 2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports this number fell to about 5,190 or about 14 workers per day which was
earlier 38 workers per day prior to the establishment of OSHA.

The rate of reported serious workplace injuries and illnesses has also dropped markedly, from 10.9 per 100 workers in 1972
to 2.7 per 100 workers in 2021.

Successfully setting up workplace safety regulations in 50 states & certain territories and jurisdiction.

Both government and private sectors employees were safeguarded of their rights ensuring their welfare in work
environment.
OSHA STANDARDS
OSHA standards are sets of guidelines and requirements enforced by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) to minimize health and safety risks in US-based workplaces. They
regulate companies to maintain safe and healthy working conditions and to provide suitable
training and assistance to their employees before doing their jobs. OSHA standards are also known
as OSHA regulations or OSHA requirements because they are stipulated in Part 1910 Title 29 of the
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

An OSHA safety standard is a list of material and equipment

requirements along with guidelines and instructions
for employers to minimize employee risk in the performance of
work. Adherence to OSHA standards protects workers from fatal
hazards and health risks.
It is organized into four major industries:
1. General Industry
2. Construction
3. Maritime
4. Agriculture
OSHA INSPECTION PROCESS
• Selection Process: OSHA conducts inspections based on various
criteria, including:
o Imminent danger situations: Reports of hazards that pose an immediate
threat of serious harm or death.
o Severe injuries and fatalities: Investigations are conducted for workplace
incidents resulting in hospitalizations, amputations, or fatalities.
o Worker complaints: OSHA responds to complaints filed by workers regarding
safety and health concerns in their workplaces.
o Programmed inspections: OSHA targets specific high-hazard industries,
workplaces, or operations for programmed inspections based on injury and
illness data, previous inspection history, or national emphasis programs.
o Follow-up inspections: OSHA may conduct follow-up inspections to verify that
previously cited violations have been corrected.
• Opening Conference: When an OSHA
inspector arrives at a workplace, they typically
begin with an opening conference. During this
meeting, the inspector explains the purpose of
the inspection, discusses the scope and
procedures, and presents credentials.

• Walkaround Inspection: The inspector

conducts a comprehensive walkaround
inspection of the workplace to identify hazards
and assess compliance with OSHA standards.
They may take photographs, samples,
measurements, and notes during the
inspection. Employers have the right to
accompany the inspector during the
walkaround.
• Employee Interviews: OSHA may interview employees during the inspection to gather
information about workplace conditions, hazards, training, and safety procedures. These
interviews help OSHA assess the effectiveness of the employer's safety and health
programs.
• Review of Records: The inspector reviews relevant records, such as injury and illness logs,
safety data sheets (SDSs), training records, and safety programs, to verify compliance with
OSHA standards.
• Closing Conference: After completing the inspection, the inspector holds a closing
conference with the employer to discuss their findings. They review any observed hazards,
violations of OSHA standards, and recommendations for corrective actions. Employers are
provided with a copy of the inspection report.
• Issuance of Citations: If OSHA identifies violations of safety and health standards during
the inspection, they may issue citations and proposed penalties to the employer. Citations
specify the nature of the violation, the applicable standard, and the proposed abatement
period.
• Follow-Up: OSHA may conduct follow-up inspections to verify that cited violations have
been corrected within the specified abatement period.
 Employer Rights & Responsibilities
During Inspection
• Right to Accompany: Employers have the right to accompany the OSHA inspector during the
walkaround inspection of the workplace. This allows them to observe the inspection process,
ask questions, and provide clarification on workplace practices and procedures.
• Provide Access: Employers must provide OSHA inspectors with access to the workplace,
records, and relevant documents necessary for conducting the inspection. This includes
injury and illness records, safety data sheets (SDSs), training records, and safety programs.
• Designate Representatives: Employers have the right to designate a representative, such as a
safety officer or legal counsel, to accompany the OSHA inspector during the inspection and
participate in discussions.
• Corrective Action: If OSHA identifies violations during the inspection, employers have a
responsibility to promptly correct the hazards and implement effective corrective actions to
ensure the safety and health of their employees.
• Cooperate with OSHA: Employers must cooperate fully with OSHA inspectors during the
inspection process, providing accurate information, addressing concerns raised by the
inspector, and following OSHA procedures.
 • Penalties and Fines
• Criminal Charges
Non- • Increased Oversight
complian • Negative Publicity
• Civil Lawsuits
ce with • Loss of Contracts and Business
OSHA Opportunities
Standard • Work Stoppage Orders
• Higher Insurance Costs
• Loss of Employee Trust and Morale
CORE COMPONENTS OF OSHA STANDARDS

Hazard Communication
Standard (HCS)
The Hazard Communication Standard, also known as
HazCom or HCS, is aimed at ensuring that employers
and employees are aware of the chemical hazards
present in the workplace and know how to protect
themselves.
Key requirements include:
• Developing a written hazard communication program.
• Maintaining safety data sheets (SDSs) for each
hazardous chemical in the workplace.
• Labeling containers of hazardous chemicals with
appropriate warning labels.
• Providing employee training on the hazards of
chemicals they may be exposed to and how to safely
handle them.
 Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) Standards

OSHA's PPE standards require employers to assess the

workplace for hazards that necessitate the use of
personal protective equipment and provide appropriate
PPE to employees.​
Common types of PPE include:
• Eye and face protection (safety glasses, goggles, face
shields).​
• Head protection (hard hats).​
• Hand protection (gloves).​
• Foot protection (safety shoes, boots).​
• Respiratory protection (respirators).​
• Employers must ensure that PPE is properly selected,
fitted, maintained, and used by employees.​
​
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
applies to workplaces where
employees may be exposed to blood
or other potentially infectious
materials (OPIM), such as certain
bodily fluids.
Key requirements include:
• Developing an exposure control
plan.
• Using universal precautions to
prevent exposure to bloodborne
pathogens.
• Providing appropriate training to
employees at risk of exposure.
• Offering hepatitis B vaccination to
employees at no cost.
Lockout/Tagout
(LOTO) Standard​
The Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Standard is designed to prevent
the unexpected startup of machinery or equipment during
maintenance or servicing, which could endanger workers.​
Key requirements include:​
• Developing and implementing a written energy control
(lockout/tagout) program.​
• Conducting periodic inspections of energy control
procedures.​
• Providing training to authorized employees on
lockout/tagout procedures.​
• Using lockout/tagout devices to isolate energy sources
and prevent equipment from being energized.​
• Establishing procedures for the safe release of stored
energy during maintenance or servicing activities.​
Fall Protection Standards
OSHA's Fall Protection Standards are aimed at
preventing falls from elevated work surfaces or
into hazardous areas.
Key requirements vary depending on the type of
work being performed but may include:
• Providing guardrails, safety nets, or personal
fall arrest systems (PFAS).
• Ensuring proper construction and maintenance
of walking and working surfaces.
• Providing training to employees on fall hazards
and proper use of fall protection equipment.
• Conducting regular inspections of fall
protection equipment and systems.
• Developing and implementing a fall protection
plan for workplaces where conventional fall
protection methods are not feasible.
 Safety Culture

Safety culture refers to the

overall beliefs, perceptions, and
values that employees within
an organization share about
safety. It essentially reflects
how seriously safety is taken
and how it's integrated into
everyday work practices.

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OSHA's Role in Promoting
Safety Culture

• Setting Standards:
• OSHA establishes and updates safety and
health standards based on industry best
practices, technological advancements,
and evolving workplace hazards.

• Enforcement:
• By holding employers accountable for
providing safe working conditions, OSHA
encourages a culture of safety where
violations are addressed promptly.
• Education and Training:
• OSHA provides resources, training programs, and outreach initiatives to
educate employers and workers about workplace hazards and safety
practices.

• Collaboration and Partnerships:

• OSHA collaborates with industry stakeholders, trade associations, labor
unions, and government agencies to promote safety initiatives and share
best practices. By fostering collaboration, OSHA facilitates the exchange of
knowledge and expertise to improve safety outcomes.

• Research and Innovation:

• By investing in research, OSHA contributes to the development of new
solutions and strategies for preventing injuries and illnesses.
 OSHA Enforcement

Standards:
• Sets safety and health rules for workplaces.
• Covers safe work practices, PPE requirements, and hazard exposure limits.
Inspections:
• Targets high-risk industries and investigates complaints.
• Responds to workplace fatalities and serious accidents.
Enforcement Actions:
• Issues citations for violations of safety standards.
• Assigns penalties based on violation severity, injuries, and employer history.
Compliance Assistance:
• Offers free consultations, materials, and training to help employers comply.
 OSHA Penalties

• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA) can issue penalties to employers for violations of
safety standards. The severity of the penalty depends on
a number of factors, including:
• The seriousness of the violation: Willful violations, which
means the employer intentionally disregarded safety
standards, will result in the highest penalties. There are
also serious violations and other-than-serious violations.
• Whether the violation caused an employee injury or death
• The employer's history of violations
• The size of the business
OSHA •Below are the maximum penalty amounts, with the
annual adjustment for inflation, that may be assessed
Penalties after Jan. 15, 2024.

Type of Violation Penalty

Serious $16,131 per violation
Other-Than-Serious
Posting Requirements

Failure to Abate $16,131 per day beyond the abatement

date
Willful or Repeated $161,323 per violation
 Osha's Future Directions

• Emphasis on Enforcement: Expect stricter enforcement with potentially more

inspections, citations, and even order to appear in court during investigations.
• Targeting High-Risk Industries: Industries with high incident rates might see a rise in
OSHA scrutiny and stricter enforcement of safety standards.
• Prevention Focus: Moving beyond just penalties, OSHA might prioritize promoting
proactive safety cultures and preventative measures within workplaces.
• Data-Driven Decisions: Utilizing data analysis of workplace safety trends to inform
future regulations and inspection targeting.
• Holistic Worker Well-being: A focus on worker well-being beyond just physical safety,
potentially including mental health and overall well-being initiatives.
 Specific OSHA Industry Standards

- CONSTRUCTION - HEALTHCARE - MANUFACTURING - AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRY STANDARDS INDUSTRY STANDARDS INDUSTRY STANDARDS INDUSTRY STANDARDS
 Recordkeeping Requirements

employers with more than 10 employees are required to keep a record of serious work-related injuries and
illnesses.

This information helps employers, workers and OSHA evaluate the safety of a workplace, understand industry
hazards, and implement worker protections to reduce and eliminate hazards -preventing future workplace
injuries and illnesses.

The records must be maintained at the worksite for at least five years. Each February through April, employers
must post a summary of the injuries and illnesses recorded the previous year. Also, if requested, copies of the
records must be provided to current and former employees, or their representatives.

Employers must report any worker fatality within 8 hours and any amputation, loss of an eye, or hospitalization
of a worker within 24 hours.
 • OSHA collects work-related injury and illness
Electroni data from establishments through the
c Injury Tracking Application (ITA).
• Establishments that meet certain size and
Submissi industry criteria are required to
on of electronically submit injury and illness data
from their OSHA Form 300A, 300, and 301
Records (or equivalent forms) once per year to OSHA.
OSHA collects this work-related injury and
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
illness data through the
Injury Tracking Application (ITA). The
ITA launch page also has answers to
frequently asked questions.
How does OSHA define a recordable
injury or illness?

• Any work-related injury or illness that results in loss

of consciousness, days away from work, restricted
work, or transfer to another job.
• Any work-related injury or illness requiring medical
treatment beyond first aid.
• Any work-related diagnosed case of cancer, chronic
irreversible diseases, fractured or cracked bones or
teeth, and punctured eardrums.
 How does OSHA define a
First Aid Action?

• Using a non-prescription medication

at nonprescription strength
• Administering immunizations, Cleaning,
flushing or soaking wounds on the surface of
the skin.
• Using wound coverings such as bandages,
gauze pads, etc. or using butterfly bandages
• Using any non-rigid means of support, such as
elastic bandages, wraps, non-rigid back belts,
etc.
• Using temporary immobilization devices while
transporting an accident victim
• Removing foreign bodies from the eye using
only irrigation or a cotton swab;
• Removing splinters or foreign material from
areas other than the eye by irrigation, tweezers,
cotton swabs or other simple means;
• Drinking fluids for relief of heat stress.
10 Most Common OSHA Violations

Source : https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/osha-
violations
10 Most Common OSHA Violations

Source : https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/osha-
violations
 A Real Life Example of OSHA Violation
• A 20-year-old carpenter was working for a construction company that was building an
apartment building. While he was trying to install temporary supports for the roof
trusses, he fell through the second story stairway opening and landed on the first floor
concrete walkway. He suffered a skull fracture with serious brain injuries. Falls are the
most common cause of injury and death for construction workers.
• To prevent this, employers must:
• Provide fall protection in one of three ways for workers exposed to vertical drops of 6
feet or more:
• Place guardrails around the hazard area.
• Deploy safety nets.
• Provide personal fall protection systems for each worker. This includes an anchor,
full body harness and lifeline.
• To avoid such injuries, OSHA works as follows:
• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M - Fall Protection
• OSHA’s Fall Prevention Campaign
OSHA Education and
Training
• Education and training are important tools for informing workers and managers
about workplace hazards and controls so they can work more safely and be more
productive. Another role of education and training, however, is to provide workers
and managers with a greater understanding of the safety and health program
itself, so that they can contribute to its development and implementation.
• Education and training provides employers, managers, supervisors, and workers
with:
• Knowledge and skills needed to do their work safely and avoid creating hazards
that could place themselves or others at risk.
• Awareness and understanding of workplace hazards and how to identify, report,
and control them.
• Specialized training, when their work involves unique hazards.
Effective training and education can be provided outside a formal classroom setting.
Peer-to-peer training, on-the-job training, and worksite demonstrations can be
effective in conveying safety concepts, ensuring understanding of hazards and their
controls, and promoting good work practices.

Action item 1: Provide pro Action Item 2: Train emplo

gram awareness training yers, managers and supervi
sors on their roles in the pr
ogram

Action item 3: Train worker Action item 4: Train worker

s on their specific roles in t s on hazard identification a
he safety and health progr nd controls
am
• Action item 1: Provide program awareness training
Managers, supervisors, and workers all need to understand the
program's structure, plans, and procedures. Having this knowledge
ensures that everyone can fully participate in developing,
implementing, and improving the program.

• Action item 2: Train employers, managers, and supervisors on their

roles in the program
Employers, managers, and supervisors are responsible for workers'
safety, yet sometimes have little training on safety-related concepts and
techniques. They may benefit from specific training that allows them to
fulfill their leadership roles in the program.
Action item 3: Train workers on their specific roles in the safety and
health program
Additional training may be needed to ensure that workers can
incorporate any assigned safety and health responsibilities into their
daily routines and activities.
Action item 4: Train workers on hazard identification and controls
Providing workers with an understanding of hazard recognition and
control and actively involving them in the process can help to eliminate
hazards before an incident occurs.
Thank You