History

Popular Contributors
• 1961-Professor John Mc Carthy –”Computing can be sold like a utility”
• 1997- Sean O’Sullivan – Trademark –”cloud computing enabled
applications”
• 2006- Mr Eric Schmidt – “belonging to the cloud somewhere”
 NIST(National Institute of Standards and
Technology) Definition

“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous convenient,

on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.”

This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five

essential characteristics, three service models, and four
deployment models”
 What is Cloud Computing
APPLICATIO
SERVICE NS
S

COMPUTER
NETWORK

STORAGE
(DATABASE)
SERVER
S

• Shared pool of configurable computing resources

• On-demand network access
• Provisioned by the Service Provider
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 4
Grance
 NIST ESSENTIAL 5 CHARACTERISTICS:
OF CLOUD
1)On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing
capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without
requiring human interaction with each service’s provider.

2)Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants (PDAs)).

3)Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources
dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense
of location independence in that the subscriber generally has no control or knowledge
over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location
at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of
resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual
machines.
 NIST ESSENTIAL 5 CHARACTERISTICS:
OF CLOUD

4) Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in

some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly
scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear
to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.

5) Measured Service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize

resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and
active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and
reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
utilized service.
 Cloud Computing Characteristics
Common Characteristics:

Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Virtualization Service Orientation

Low Cost Software Advanced Security

Essential Characteristics:

On Demand Self-Service
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Resource Pooling Measured Service

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 7
Grance
Cloud Architecture

8
NIST : 3 SERVICE MODELS
 Cloud Service Models
Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 10
Grance
COMPARISON OF SERVICE MODELS
 NIST : 4 DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be
managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.

Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large
industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.

Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability
(e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and

supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the
organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
 CLOUD AND SIMILAR CONFIGURATIONS

• ASP (Application Service Provider)( organization hosts multiple

applications)
• Autonomic Computing (self healing)
• Cluster (node based)
• Distributed Computing (tasks distributed to nodes)
• High Performance Computing (HPC)(task to pieces and uses
parallel processing algorithms)
• Peer to Peer Architecture (N/w of hosts decentralised)
• Client Server Architecture
• Grid Computing (computer geographically distributed work
together for common task)
• Utility Computing
 Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing
• ‘Grid Computing’ is an infrastructure that links
computing resources such as PCs, servers,
workstations and storage elements and provides
the mechanism required to access them.
• Grid Computing is a middle ware to co-ordinate
disparate IT resources across a network,
allowing them to function as whole
• It is more often used in scientific research and in
universities for educational purpose.
Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing
 Cloud Computing vs Utility Computing

Utility computing is the process of providing

service through an on-demand, pay per use
billing method. The customer or client has
access to a virtually unlimited supply of
computing solutions over a virtual private
network or over the internet, which can be
sourced and used whenever it’s required
Cloud Computing vs Utility Computing
CLOUD CUBE
 Various Aspects of cloud computing

• Elasticity • IaaS
• On Demand • PaaS
Access • SaaS
• Resource Pooling • Private
• Metered Use TYPES • Public
• Hybrid
FEATURES • Community
MODES
BENEFITS
Cloud Systems
• Pay per use
• Ease of Use
• Virtually Unlimited
Resources STAKEHOLDERS
• On demand Self
Service COMPARES TO • Providers
• Time Sharing • Partners
• Distributed • Adopters
Computing • Users
• Grid
• ASP
 Components of Cloud Computing
• Client –(thin/thick/mobile)
• Cloud Network- use of hardware and software to deliver a
service over a network (typically the Internet) –C/S,P-P

• Cloud API -development of services as well as applications for

provisioning cloud platforms –service gateway-application communication