week2-lecture-2.1 (1)
week2-lecture-2.1 (1)
Prepared by
Faraz khan
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Objective
Media Types
What text is
How text is created and stored in the
computer
How text is used in Multimedia Systems
Advantages and Disadvantages
of using texts
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Temporal & Non Temporal Media
Media
Refer to Multimedia elements.
Two Media types:Temporal and Non-Temporal
Temporal Media
The media has an associated time aspect. Example: its
view changes with respect to time.
Examples: Audio, video, animation, music etc.
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Temporal & Non Temporal Media
Non-Temporal Media
Also known as a static media. It has the same
representation regardless of time
Examples: texts, graphics, paintings, book etc
Multimedia applications are typically composed of both
media
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What is Text
Basic media for many multimedia systems
Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs is
used to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly
every aspect of our lives.
Multimedia products depends on text for many things:
- to explain how the application work
- to guide the user in navigating through the application
- deliver the information for which the application was
designed
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What is Text
Minimize the texts in multimedia application
Texts consists of two structures:
Linear
Non-Linear
Linear Text : is the material we are used to reading in
books, magazines, newspapers. The content is displayed
in a straight line of paragraphs and pages from beginning
to end.
Non-Linear Text include Hypertext and hyperlinks,
Readers are expected to read the material in the order in
which it appears as well as ability to move to different
pages. Also called Rich Text Format.
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Text Technology
Based on creating letters, numbers and special
characters.
Text elements can be categories into:
Alphabet characters : A - Z
Numbers : 0 - 9
Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or
Symbols [* & ^ % $ £ ! /\ ~ # @ .…]
Also known Character Sets
May also include special icon or drawing symbols,
mathematical symbols, Greek Letter etc.
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Typefaces, Fonts and Points
Typefaces
The graphic representations of the alphabet, numbers and
special character.
Usually vary by type sizes and styles.
Fonts
Particular size of typefaces
Usually vary by type sizes and styles.
The sizes are measured in points
- One point is 1/72” or 0.0138 inc”
- Measuring distance from the top of a capital letters (e.g. ‘A or P’) to the
bottom of a descenders (e.g. ‘y , ‘p’ , ‘q’).
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Fonts Effects
A numbers of effects that are useful for bringing viewer’s
attention to content:
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Types of Fonts
Two classes of fonts: Serif or Sans Serif
Serif fonts use decorative tips or flags at the ends of a
letter strokes
Sans Serif fonts don’t have these features
Serif fonts are usually used for documents or screens
that have large quantities of text
- This is because the serif helps guide the reader’s eye
along the text
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Types of Fonts
For computer displays, Sans Serif fonts considered
better because of the sharper contrast.
Examples
ExamplesofofSan
SanSerif
Serif
fonts
fonts
Times
TimesNew
NewRoman
Roman Century
Century Gothic
Gothic
Bookman
Bookman Arial
Arial
Rockwell
Rockwell Light
Light Comic
Comic Sans
Sans MS
MS
Courier
Courier New
New Impact
Impact
Century
Century Tahoma
Tahoma
Examples
Examplesof
ofSerif
Seriffonts
fonts
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Text Characteristics
This example shows the Times New Roman font
Ascender
Capital Height x-Height
FD xhp
Point size Serif p -Height
Descender
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Tracking, Kerning and Leading
Av
Unkerned
AvKerned
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Tracking, Kerning and Leading
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Bitmapped and vector fonts
Fonts can either be stored as bitmapped or vector
graphics
Bitmaps font depend to the size and the pixel numbers
- File size increases as more sizes are added
Vector fonts can draw any size by scaling the vector
drawing primitives mathematically
- File size is much smaller than bitmaps
- TrueType and PostScript are vector font formats
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Bitmapped and vector fonts
AAbitmapped
bitmappedfont
font AAvector
vectorfont
font
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Jaggies and Antialiasing
Jaggies are the jagged edges you see when a
bitmapped image is resized
It is a consequence of the underlying array of pixels from
which the image is composed
Antialiasing is a technique that can be used to eliminate
jagged edges
It substitutes additional pixels in other colours to fool the
brain into thinking it is seeing continuous lines
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Jaggies and Antialiasing
The technique is used to blend the font into the
background by transitioning the colour from the font
colour to background.
This technique minimizes the jagged edges making for a
smoother overall appearance.
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Jaggies and Antialiasing
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Text Data Files
The common data encoding schemes for text are:
Plain text (ASCII) is text in an electronic format that can
be read and interpreted by humans
Rich text is similar but it also embeds special control
characters into the text to provide additional features
Hypertext is an advance on rich text which allows the
reader to jump to different sections within the document
or even jump to a new document
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Text Data Files
Plain text
This is plain text. It is readable by humans. It can contains
numbers (01234) and punctuation (.,#@*&) since it uses the
ASCII character set.
Rich text
This is <bold>rich text</bold>.<br><center>It is also readable
by humans but contains additional tags which control the
presentation of the text.</center>
Hypertext
This is <a href=“http://www.w3c.org/”>hypertext</a>. It uses
the rich text format shown above but adds the ability to
hyperlink to other documents.<hr><img src=“logo.gif”>
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Working With Text
Considerations and guidelines when we are working with
text:
Be Concise
Use the appropriate typefaces and fonts
Make it readable
Consider type styles and colors
Use restraint and be consistent
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How text can be used effectively
Communicating Data
- Customer names and address
- Pricing information of products
Explaining concepts and ideas
- A company mission statement
- A comparison of medical procedures
Clarifying other media
- Labels on button, icons and screens
- Captions and callouts for graphics
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of using texts
Advantages
Is relatively inexpensive to produce
Present abstract ideas effectively
Clarifies other media
Provides confidentiality
Is easily changed or updated
Disadvantages
Is less memorable than other visual media
Requires more attention from the user than other
media
Can be cumbersome
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Summary
Multimedia applications and presentations invariably rely
to some extent on the use of text to convey their
message to users
Text has many characteristics that the developer can
modify to enhance the user experience
- size, weight, typeface, style, colour, kerning, tracking,
etc.
Antialiasing is a technique that can be used to improve
the readability of text
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