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methods of deception

The document outlines various ancient and early methods of detecting lies, including the Red Hot Iron Ordeal, Ordeal of Balance, and Trial by Combat, which often involved physical tests or supernatural beliefs. It also describes modern scientific methods such as polygraph tests, narco-analysis, and word association tests, noting their limitations and inadmissibility in court. Overall, the document contrasts historical practices with contemporary techniques in lie detection.

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KEVIN KYLE GAYLA
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15 views

methods of deception

The document outlines various ancient and early methods of detecting lies, including the Red Hot Iron Ordeal, Ordeal of Balance, and Trial by Combat, which often involved physical tests or supernatural beliefs. It also describes modern scientific methods such as polygraph tests, narco-analysis, and word association tests, noting their limitations and inadmissibility in court. Overall, the document contrasts historical practices with contemporary techniques in lie detection.

Uploaded by

KEVIN KYLE GAYLA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ancient/early methods of

detecting Lies
1. RED HOT IRON ORDEAL – this kind of test was used among the hill tribe of
rajahmal in the north of bengal part of India. An accused placed his tongue to
a red hot iron nine times if his tongue burn or his mouth becomes dried he
will be judged as guilty.
2. 2. ORDEAL OF BALANCE – An ordeal practiced in the vishnu, India. The scale
of balance is used where the accused is placed in the other end while a
counter balance is made. If he were found to be lighter than before then he
will be acquitted.
2. ORDEAL OF BALANCE – An ordeal practiced in the vishnu, India. The scale of
balance is used where the accused is placed in the other end while a counter
balance is made. If he were found to be lighter than before then he will be
acquitted.
3. BOILING WATER ORDEAL – common in Africa. The method was the subject will
be asked to plunge their right arms into the boiling water to if his arm will not
burse he is innocent.
4. ORDEAL OF RICE CHEWING - This practice started in India. The accused will be
given a concentrated rice grains and he will told chew and swallow the said rice If
the accused not able to swallow a single grain he will be judge as guilty
5. THE SACRED ASS OR DONKEY’S TAIL ORDEAL – The suspect is required to
enter a dark tent and inside the tent is a donkey. The tail of this donkey is
covered with soot. The suspect is told to pull the tail of the donkey. When the
suspect comes out with a dirty hand, he is not guilty as he is not afraid to pull
the donkeys tail because he did not commit any wrong.
A person who comes out of the tent with a clean hand is presumed guilty as he
is afraid to pull the donkey's tail, a manifestation of guilt at that time.
6. TRIAL BY COMBAT - A fight between the accuser and the accused, whoever lost
the battle will be adjudge guilty. Originated in India.
7. TRIAL BY TORTURE – The accused was put into a severe physical test. If accused
can endure such torture he will be considered innocent.
8. DRINKING ORDEAL – The accused was given a decoction to drink by a priest- if
innocent; no harm befalls him, but if guilty, will die. Practiced in Nigeria and India.
9. ORDEAL BY HEAT AND FIRE – The accused was compelled to walk bare footed
through a fire, if he remains unhurt then he is innocent. Practiced in Easy
Germany
10. ORDEAL OF RED HOT NEEDLE – A red hot needle was drawn through the lips
of the accused if innocent, no blood will be seen flowing out. Practiced in East
Africa
Scientific Methods of
Detecting Deception
1. Polygraph test
 aid and not a substitute or
replacement for investigation.
 not admissible in court to prove the
guilt of the subject.
minors, mentally-ill or
retarded are exempted.
cannot be conducted to
unfit subject.
2.Use of Alcoholic Beverages
 the subject is made to drink hard liquor in such a
mount that would make him lose control or inhibitions.
 information gathered through this method is not
admissible in court.

3. Narco-Analysis Test/Administration of Truth Serum


 use of narcotic or anesthetic drug.
 drugs injected hypodermically or intravenously.
 dangerous and not admissible.
 This drug received its
nickname "truth serum"
after its effects. After
taking "truth serum" the
patients become very
communicative, sharing
their thoughts without
hesitation.
4.Word Association Test
 group of words, objects or photographs will be
presented.
 time pressure.
This was first devised by F. Galton in 1870
And later was modified and improved by others such
as Munsterberg, Orosland, Luria and Jung.
In the Galton’s technique there are two main
Criteria for detecting indications of deception
and these are: (1) Incriminating answer words, and
(2) Delayed answer.
5.Use of Hypnotism
information gathered
through this method
is also not admissible
in court.

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