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The document provides an overview of number systems, including definitions, types, and their importance in computing. It covers the decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems, explaining their bases and conversion methods. Additionally, it highlights the significance of number systems in data representation and storage in computers.

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Rahul Chauhan
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2 views

Chapter_1

The document provides an overview of number systems, including definitions, types, and their importance in computing. It covers the decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems, explaining their bases and conversion methods. Additionally, it highlights the significance of number systems in data representation and storage in computers.

Uploaded by

Rahul Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

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Table of Content

Basic Definitions
What is a Number?
What is Number Systems?
Why is the Number System Important?
Types of Number System
The Decimal Number System
The Binary Number System
Converting from Binary to Decimal
Converting from Decimal to Binary
The Hexadecimal Number System

2
Basic Definitions
A bit is a single binary digit (a 1 or 0).
A byte is 8 bits
A word is 32 bits or 4 bytes
Long word = 8 bytes = 64 bits
Quad word = 16 bytes = 128 bits
Programming languages use these
standard number of bits when organizing
data storage and access.
What do you call 4 bits?
(hint: it is a small byte)

3
What is a Number?
A number is a mathematical value used for
counting or measuring or labelling objects.
Numbers are used to perform arithmetic
calculations. Examples of numbers are natural
numbers, whole numbers, rational and
irrational numbers, etc. 0 is also a number that
represents a null value.
A number has many other variations such as
even and odd numbers, prime and composite
numbers. Even and odd terms are used when
a number is divisible by 2 or not, whereas
prime and composite differentiate between the
numbers that have only two factors and more
Number Systems
The on and off states of the
capacitors in RAM can be thought of
as the values 1 and 0, respectively.
Therefore, thinking about how
information is stored in RAM requires
knowledge of the binary (base 2)
number system.
Let’s review the decimal (base 10)
number system first.
5
Why is the Number System
Important?

The number system helps to represent


numbers in a small symbol set.
Computers, in general, use binary
numbers 0 and 1 to keep the
calculations simple and to keep the
amount of necessary circuitry less,
which results in the least amount of
space, energy consumption and cost.
Types of Number System

There are various types of number


systems in mathematics. The four
most common number system types
are:
Decimal number system (Base- 10)
Binary number system (Base- 2)
Octal number system (Base-8)
Hexadecimal number system
(Base- 16)
The Decimal Number
System
• The decimal number system is a
positional number system.
• Example:
 5 6 2 1 1 X 100 =
1
 10 10 10 10
3 2 1 0
2 X 101
= 20
 6 X 102 =
600
8
 5 X 103 =
The Decimal Number
System
• The decimal number system is also
known as base 10. The values of
the positions are calculated by
taking 10 to some power.
• Why is the base 10 for decimal
numbers?
o Because we use 10 digits, the digits 0
through 9.

9
The Binary Number
System
• The binary number system is
also known as base 2. The
values of the positions are
calculated by taking 2 to some
power.
• Why is the base 2 for binary
numbers?
o Because we use 2 digits, the digits
0 and 1.
10
The Binary Number
System
• The binary number system is
also a positional numbering
system.
• Instead of using ten digits, 0 - 9,
the binary system uses only two
digits, 0 and 1.
• Example of a binary number and
the values of the positions:
 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
11
 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Converting from Binary to
Decimal
 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 X 20 =
1
 26 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 X 21 =
0
 1 X 22 =
4
 20 = 1 24 = 16 1 X 23 =
8
 21 = 2 25 = 32 0 X 24 = 0
5 12
 22 = 4 26 = 64 0X2 =
Converting From Decimal to Binary
• Make a list of the binary place values up to the number being
converted.
• Perform successive divisions by 2, placing the remainder of 0 or 1 in
each of the positions from right to left.
• Continue until the quotient is zero.
• Example: 4210

25 24 23 22 21 20
32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0

13
Working with Large
Numbers
 0101000010100111
= ?

• Humans can’t work well with binary


numbers; there are too many digits
to deal with.
• Memory addresses and other data
can be quite large. Therefore, we
sometimes use the hexadecimal
number system. 14
The Hexadecimal Number
System

The hexadecimal number system


is also known as base 16. The
values of the positions are
calculated by taking 16 to some
power.
Why is the base 16 for
hexadecimal numbers ?
 Because we use 16 symbols, the

digits 0 and 1 and the letters A


15
The Hexadecimal Number System

Binary Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Decimal


Hexadecimal
0 0 0 1010 10
A
1 1 1 1011 11
B
10 2 2 1100 12
C
11 3 3 1101 13
D
100 4 4 1110 14
E
101 5 5 1111 15
F 16
The Hexadecimal Number System

Example of a hexadecimal number


and the values of the positions:
 3 C 8 B 0 5 1
 166 165 164 163 162 161 160

17
Example of Equivalent Numbers

 Binary: 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 12

 Decimal: 2064710

 Hexadecimal: 50A716

 Notice how the number of digits 18


References
Google.com
Wikipedia.org
Studymafia.org
Slidespanda.com
Thanks
To
StudyMafia.org

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