NETWORK

TECHNOGIES By:
Cristine A. Gabisan
INDIVIDUAL
REPORTING
 1
What is Network?

This general term refers to all the

components involved in getting computers
and other types of hardware to talk to each
other.
- is a series of points or nodes interconnected by
communication paths. Networks can interconnect
with other networks and contain subnetworks.
 Importance of 2

Network

Computer networks help users on the

network to share the resources and in
communication. Can you imagine a world
now without emails, online newspapers,
blogs, chat and the other services offered
by the internet?
► The following are the important uses and
benefits of a computer network.
 Importance of
Network
► File sharing: Networking of computers helps the network
users to share data files.
 Importance of
Network
► Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers,
scanners, CD-ROM drives, hard drives etc. Without computer
networks, device sharing is not possible.
 Importance of
Network
► Application sharing: Applications can be shared over the
network, and this allows to implement client/server applications
► User communication: Networks allow users to communicate
using e-mail, newsgroups, and video conferencing etc
 Importance of
Network

► Network gaming: A lot of network games are available, which

allow multi-users to play from different locations.

► Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a

revolutionary change in telecommunication which allows to send
telephone calls (voice data) using standard Internet Protocol (IP)
rather than by traditional PSTN.
 3

Network Devices
Comprising
the Network
 Network Components:
The network infrastructure contains three categories of network components:

•End devices
The network devices that people are most familiar with are called end devices, or
hosts. These devices form the interface between users and the underlying
communication network.
Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)
Network printers
VoIP phones
Security cameras
 Network Components:
• Intermediary devices
interconnect end devices. These devices provide connectivity and work behind
the scenes to ensure that data flows across the network. Intermediary devices
connect the individual hosts to the network and can connect multiple individual
networks to form an internetwork.

 Network access devices (switches and wireless access points)

 Internetworking devices (routers)
 Security devices (firewalls)
Network Components:
•Network media
is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it moves
from one component to another
 Metallic wires within cables
 Glass or plastic fibers (fiber-optic cable)
 Wireless transmission
 4

HUB, SWITHES AND

ROUTER
DIFFERENCES
Hubs

A hub is a device which allows the

interconnection of a group of users.
A hub will forward any packet of data
it receives over one port from one
station to all of the remaining ports.
 Hubs are used in the star topology.
This is how Hubs works
Switches

 A switch is “smarter” than a hub and offers more

bandwidth. A switch forwards data packets
only to the appropriate port for the intended
recipient.
► The purpose of a switch is to provide network
connectivity, while making data transmission
more efficient. A switch provides multiple
connections like a hub but behaves like a bridge
by providing traffic regulation. A switch switches
frames from incoming ports to outgoing ports
and provides each connection with full
bandwidth.
This is how switches
works
 Routers

► Routers are complex devices that are used to

connect two or more separate networks. Typically
they will have a number of physical interfaces to
interconnect many networks regardless of the
technology or platform of the networks. A router
can work across different architectures, they work
at the Network Layer and use network addressing;
IP addresses are universal therefore a Unix
network can communicate with a Windows
network.
 router is the only one of these three devices that will allow you to share
a single IP (Internet Protocol) address among multiple network clients.
Routers

► Routers do not look at the destination node

address; they look only at the network address.
Routers will pass information only if the network
address is known. This ability to control the data
passing through the router reduces the amount
of traffic between networks and allows routers to
use these links more efficiently than bridges.
This is how router
works
 5
NETWORK TOPOLOGY

A topology is a description of any kind of

locality in terms of its layout. In
communication networks, a topology is a
usually schematic description of the
arrangement of a network, including its nodes
and connecting lines. There are two ways of
defining network geometry: the physical
topology and the logical (or signal) topology.
 STAR BUS TOPOLOGY

Star bus topology is a combination of star

topology superimposed on a backbone bus
topology.
The star bus has become the most popular
topology for local area networks, and it is often
combined with the linear bus in large networks. In
such cases the linear bus provides a backbone that
connects multiple stars, as shown in the graphic
below.
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STAR BUS TOPOLOGY
 23
Advantages of star bus

►Fault tolerant

►Flexible, and easy-to-use cable or media type

►Easy to troubleshoot by removing computers from

the hub or adding "smart" hubs to diagnose problem
for you

►Simple to add more computers to network

►Fastprocessing capability--up to 1000Mbps

(1Gbps)
 24
Disadvantages of star bus

► Expensive because of additional cable

and the purchase of a hub
 25
STAR WIRED RING TOPOLOGY

► Logically operates as a ring but physically appears as

a star

► Star-wired ring topology is based on MAU (multi-

station access unit) which functions similarly to a hub

► Where a hub immediately broadcasts all incoming

signals onto all connected links, the MAU passes the
signal around in a ring fashion

► Like hubs, MAUs can be interconnected to increase

network size
Star-wired Ring Topology

Logical View

Physical View
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Advantages of star wired

Easy Installation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting

•It is easy to add additional workstations and peripherals in a
star-wired ring topology. Since all nodes are connected
individually to the central hub and do not interfere in the
working of each other, adding or removing a device from any
node does not affect the working of the network. A faulty
node or device is easy to disconnect and remove from the
network without affecting the ring.
Flexible Cable Support
•A star-wired ring network is capable of supporting a wider
range of connecting cables than other topologies. It supports
fiber optic cabling, shielded twisted pair (STP) cables and
unshielded twisted pair (UTP). The type of cable used
depends on the network size and safety requirements.
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Advantages of star wired

Greater Fault Tolerance & Reliability

•The star-wired ring topology provides greater data fault
tolerance than the star topology. Broadcast data is
received, interpreted and forwarded by the central hub.
Each access point on the network does not behave as a
forwarding node (or a repeater), making data
transference possible with fewer transmission errors.
After data is received and interpreted by the hub, it is
forwarded to the next sequential node on the network,
which then proceeds with the data transference. If a node
on the network is faulty, disconnected or has a cabling
error, the hub automatically bypasses that particular port
and forwards data to the next node. This increases the
reliability of the network, ensuring data transfer is not
affected in any way by network flaws.
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Disadvantages of star wired ring

► Configuration and cabling may be complicated

because of the extreme flexibility of the
arrangement
Network Diagram sample