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Dma Controller.pptx

DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory, enhancing system efficiency by reducing CPU involvement. It operates through various modes, including Burst, Cycle Stealing, and Transparent modes, and utilizes a controller to manage data transfers. DMA is crucial in modern computing, particularly in embedded systems, storage devices, and networking.

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2 views

Dma Controller.pptx

DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows peripherals to transfer data directly to memory, enhancing system efficiency by reducing CPU involvement. It operates through various modes, including Burst, Cycle Stealing, and Transparent modes, and utilizes a controller to manage data transfers. DMA is crucial in modern computing, particularly in embedded systems, storage devices, and networking.

Uploaded by

muhammedyanish2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DMA

CONTROLLE
R
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Introduction to
DMA
•• DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows peripherals to
transfer data directly to memory.
•• Reduces CPU involvement, improving system
efficiency.
•• Commonly used in hard drives, sound cards, and
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network adapters.
Functions of a 2025

DMA
Controller
•• Transfers data efficiently without CPU intervention.
•• Frees up CPU resources for other tasks.
•• Handles bulk data transfers efficiently.
•• Supports multiple channels for simultaneous
transfers.
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2025
DMA Modes of Operation

•1. Burst Mode: Full control of the bus until


transfer completes.
•2. Cycle Stealing Mode: Transfers data one
byte/word at a time.
•3. Transparent Mode: Transfers data only when
the CPU is idle.
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How DMA 2025

Works
1. CPU programs the DMA controller with source &
destination addresses.
•2. DMA controller takes control of the system bus.
•3. Data is transferred without CPU intervention.
•4. Once complete, DMA sends an interrupt to the
CPU.
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Examples
of DMA
Controller
s
•• Intel 8237: Classic DMA controller used in older PC architectures.
•• Modern DMA Controllers: Integrated into modern microcontrollers and
processors.
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1.Control Unit: This unit manages the overall operation of the DMA controller, including initiating and terminating data transfers.
2.Address Register: This register holds the memory address where data will be read from or written to. It is updated automatically after each data
transfer to point to the next address.
3.Data Register: This register temporarily holds the data being transferred between the memory and the peripheral.
4.Count Register: This register keeps track of the number of data units to be transferred. It decrements with each transfer until the transfer count
reaches zero.
5.Control Logic: This logic interprets commands from the CPU to start or stop the DMA operation and manages the priority of mu
6.Acknowledge Lines: These lines signal to the peripherals that their transfer request has been +------------------------------------------+
7. | DMA Controller |
8. +------------------------------------------+
9. | Address Register (Source/Dest) |
10. | Data Register (Buffer for Data) |
11. | Control Register (Mode, Status) |
12. | Status Register (Interrupts) |
13. +------------------------------------------+
14. | | |
15. | | |
16. v v v
17.+---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
18.| Memory | | Peripheral 1 | | Peripheral 2 |
19.+---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
Conclusion 2025

•• DMA improves system performance by reducing


CPU workload.
•• Essential in modern computing for efficient data
transfers.
•• Widely used in embedded systems, storage
devices, and high-speed networking.
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