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The document discusses motor protection for AC induction and synchronous motors, covering topics such as starting characteristics, starters, and various protection methods. It details the types of starters, protection mechanisms for different motor power ratings, and common faults in motor feeders. Additionally, it highlights the importance of short circuit and earth fault protection, as well as motor starting protection to ensure safe and efficient motor operation.

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rehawi4094
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2 views

aditya sap

The document discusses motor protection for AC induction and synchronous motors, covering topics such as starting characteristics, starters, and various protection methods. It details the types of starters, protection mechanisms for different motor power ratings, and common faults in motor feeders. Additionally, it highlights the importance of short circuit and earth fault protection, as well as motor starting protection to ensure safe and efficient motor operation.

Uploaded by

rehawi4094
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTOR PROTECTION

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

• AC INDUCTION MOTORS
• STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
• STARTERS
• PROTECTION METHOD S
• FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER
MOTOR PROTECTION - GENERAL
AC INDUCTION MOTORS -
CONSTRUCTION
SQUIRREL 3Ph. WINDING IN
CAGE STATOR COPPER BARS
IN ROTOR
WOUND 3Ph WINDING IN
ROTOR STATOR
3 Ph. WINDING IN
ROTOR
WOUND 3 Ph. WINDING
(SHORTED IN
INTERNALLY)
ROTOR WITH STATOR
SLIP RING 3 Ph. WINDING IN
ROTOR (TERMINATED TO
SYNCHRONOUS SLIP RINGS)
MOTORS
3 Ph WINDING IN
STATOR DC WINDING
IN ROTOR (TERMINATED
GENERAL
STARTERS FOR AC INDUCTION MOTORS
FOR LT/HT MOTORS

1- DOL 2- STAR DELTA

3- RESISTANCE 4- LIQUID ROTOR

5- RESISTANCE AUTO TRANSFORMER

6- REACTOR VARIABLE FREQ. DRIVE


Protection of
induction motor

Protection of
synchronous motor
STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
6x timesMotor Current Im Motor Full Load Current
ISt Starting Current of Motor
Ist Starting time of motor

tSt

STARTING CURRENT OF A MOTOR


- ALWAYS HIGHER THAN Im
- DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF STARTER

Im

tSt Time
PROTECTION
LESS THAN 10 kW BIMETAL RELAY

10 KW TO 50 KW
BIMETAL + SINGLE PHASING

50 KW TO 100 KW THERMAL O/L + O/C +E/F+ UNBALANCE+LOCKED ROTOR

100 KW AND ABOVE


ABOVE PROTECTIONS+ U/V+ DIFFERENTIAL+ROTOR E/F+ UNDER
EXCITATION+OUT OF STEP
MOTOR PROTECTION
FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER

* THERMAL OVERLOAD
* LOCKED ROTOR
* OVER CURRENT (SHORT
CIRCUIT)
* EARTH FAULT
* CURRENT UNBALANCE
* REPEAT STARTS
* UNDER CURRENT
* PROLONGED START
* INTER TURN SHORT
* LOSS OF EXCITATION
* UNDER EXCITATION
* UNDER VOLTAGE
* ROTOR EARTH FAULT
STATISTICS
Insulation Class & Thermal Ratings
Class of Max. Winding
Insulation Temperature
A 1050 C
1300 C
B 1550 C
1800 C
F

H
STATISTICS
Causes for Motor Failure – Historical data
Over Loads 30%
Contamination 19%
Single Phasing 14%
Bearing Failure 13%
Old age 10%
Rotor Failure 5%
Miscellaneous 9%
OC & EF PROTECTION
1. SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION:

Short circuit protection for motors prevents damage from electrical faults,
ensuring safety and reliability. It utilizes devices such as fuses, circuit
breakers (CBs), motor protection circuit breakers (MPCBs), and thermal
overload relays (TORs) to detect abnormal currents. These devices interrupt
power supply when faults occur, protecting motors from overheating,
insulation damage, and costly repairs. Proper installation, regular
inspections, and testing are crucial. Settings include pickup current, trip
time, and short circuit current. Compliance with regulations (NEC, IEC, UL,
CSA) is ensured, providing benefits including prevented motor damage,
reduced downtime, enhanced safety, and minimized repair costs.
2. EARTH FAULT PROTECTION:

Earth fault protection is a crucial safety mechanism in electrical


systems, designed to detect and mitigate faults where unintended
current flows between live conductors and the ground. This protection
is essential for preventing electric shocks and equipment damage. Key
devices include Earth Fault Relays (EFR), which sense fault currents and
trigger circuit breakers to isolate affected circuits. Additionally, Earth
Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB) and Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
(GFCI) monitor current imbalances, providing rapid disconnection
during faults. Implementing these systems effectively reduces risks
associated with earth faults, ensuring safer electrical installations
STARTING TIME SUPERVISION PROTECTION

MOTOR STARTING PROTECTION


• Motor starting protection is essential for safeguarding
electric motors during their startup phase. It involves
devices such as motor starters, which control the power
supply to the motor and provide protection against
overload, low voltage, and short circuits.Key components
include:Contactor: This device switches the motor on and off
by making or breaking the electrical circuit.
• Overload Relay: It prevents damage by disconnecting power
when excessive current is detected.
Additionally, protection mechanisms can address issues like
locked rotor conditions, phase failure, and overheating,
ensuring the motor operates safely and efficiently throughout
its lifecycle
THANK
YOU

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