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SOUND (1)

Sound is produced by vibrations that create waves traveling through various mediums such as solids, liquids, and gases. Key characteristics of sound waves include frequency, which determines pitch, and amplitude, which affects loudness. Sound travels fastest through solids due to closely packed molecules, and phenomena like refraction and reflection influence how sound waves behave in different environments.

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6 views

SOUND (1)

Sound is produced by vibrations that create waves traveling through various mediums such as solids, liquids, and gases. Key characteristics of sound waves include frequency, which determines pitch, and amplitude, which affects loudness. Sound travels fastest through solids due to closely packed molecules, and phenomena like refraction and reflection influence how sound waves behave in different environments.

Uploaded by

wjihlian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOUN

D
How is sound produced?
Sound is created
when something
vibrates - sending
waves through the air
or other materials.

A vibrating object
causes the surrounding Sound waves take time to reach the
molecules to also move. receiver.
This disturbance travels
through the medium
(solids, liquids, and
gases) until it reaches
our ears.
How is sound produced?
Examples of Sound

The vibrations of the guitar The vibrations produced in the


strings, when plucked, create a person’s vocal cords travel as
sound. sound waves.
• Threshold of hearing (0 db)
• Threshold of pain (120 db)
How do sounds travel?
Sound travels
DIRECTION OF WAVE TRAVEL
through different
mediums (solid,
liquid, gas) as
longitudinal waves.

The particles of the


medium move back Moving the springy toy back and forth
demonstrates how particles vibrate to
and forth parallel to produce longitudinal waves.

the direction the


wave is traveling.
Which state of substance would
sound travel through faster? Why?

SOLID LIQUID GAS


Which state of substance would
sound travel through faster? Why?

Because the solid


molecules are closer
together than the
molecules in the air.

SOLID
Sound travel
fastest through
steel. Sound
travels slowest
through air.
How do sounds travel?
DIRECTION OF WAVE TRAVEL

This movement
creates areas of
compression, where
particles are closer
together, and
rarefaction, where
they are spread
Characteristics of Sound Waves
Two key characteristics of sound waves are their frequencies and amplitudes.

TIME TIME

AMPLITUDE

Frequency Amplitude
It refers to how fast the wave vibrates or It refers to the height or size of the
the number of cycles per second. wave from the center line. It tells the
loudness of the sound.
It is measured in hertz (Hz) and The higher the amplitude, the more
determines the pitch of the sound. energy in a wave.
PITCH is a measure of how high or low a
sound is.

TIME TIME

Higher pitch Lower pitch


Higher frequency means more waves Lower frequency means fewer waves
passing through a point per second passing through the same point per
and results in a higher-pitched sound second and creates a lower-pitched
(like the chirp of a bird) sound (like a drum beat)
Characteristics of Sound Waves
Amplitude and Loudness

TIME TIME

Louder Softer
Larger amplitude makes the sound Smaller amplitude results in a softer
louder as the waves carry more sound
energy
REFRACTION
This phenomenon involves the bending
of a sound wave owing to changes in the
wave's speed.
Refraction is the reason why ocean waves
approach a shore parallel to the beach and
why glass lenses can be used to focus light
waves.
This means
that when
The speed of sound is
sound travels
greater in hot air than
from hot air
it is in cold air.
to cold air or
This is because the
from cold air
molecules of air are moving
to hot air it
faster, and the vibrations of
will refract.
the sound wave can
therefore be transmitted
faster.
Concerts
held at
night and
in open
fields
benefit
from
refraction
REFLECTION
The bouncing
back of
sound wave
from the
surface of a
solid or
ECHO

The sound heard


after reflection from
a rigid obstacle
(such as cliff, wall).
REVERBERATION

The persistence of
sound wave for a
long time because
of multiple
reflections.
REVERBERATION

To overcome this problem, sound-absorbent


materials, such as curtains, plant fiber,
compressed fireboards, carpets, etc. are
used in the auditorium.

These materials absorb undesired reflected


sound and reduce reverberation.
The Speed of the
Sound
Sound travels at
about 331 m/s in dry
air at 0
What is the speed of sound in air of
temperature 25 ?
Given: 25
Solution: V = 331 m/s + 0.6 m/s (T)
C
V = 331 m/s + 0.6 m/s (25 )
V = 331 m/s + 15 m/s
V = 346 m/s
What is the speed of sound in air of
temperature 30 ?
Given: 30
Solution: V = 331 m/s + 0.6 m/s (T)
C
V = 331 m/s + 0.6 m/s (30 )
V = 331 m/s + 18 m/s
V = 349 m/s

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