VOLLEYBALL

HISTORY, NATURE,
AND
DEVELOPMENT
BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
VOLLEYBA
BRIEF HISTORY OF
VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball, a dynamic and exciting team sport, was
invented by William G. Morgan in 1895 at
Holyoke, Massachusetts. Morgan, a physical
education director at the local YMCA, sought to create
a less physically demanding sport than basketball,
suitable for a wider range of participants. He initially
called
the game "mintonette," a name derived from
badminton. However, the name was changed to
"volleyball" after Alfred Halstead in 1896 observed
the volleying nature of the game during a
BRIEF HISTORY OF
VOLLEYBALL
As the game progressed, there were
developments. Filipinos are credited with
adding the set and the spike, and the
Japanese added the sport to the Olympic
Games program in 1964.

Since then, the sport has spread throughout the

world where it now ranks behind soccer among
participation sports.
NATURE
OF THE
GAME
 NATURE OF THE
GAME
Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of six players on a
rectangular court divided by a net. The three players in front are
called Front Row Players, while the back players are called Back
Row Players. Players need to be in their correct rotational
positions until the serve is executed.
The objective of the game is to ground the ball on the
opponent's side of the court while preventing the opponent
from doing the same. The game involves a combination of
athleticism, strategy, and teamwork. Players use various skills like
serving, passing, setting, spiking, blocking, and digging to control
the ball and outmaneuver their opponents. Volleyball demands
quick reflexes, agility, hand-eye coordination, and strategic
 RECENT
DEVELOPMEN
T
Volleyball has been promoted in recent years and has
developed tremendously as a top competitive sport.

A new development of the game concerns the

introduction of the Libero player (means free in
Italian) in the year 1988. Libero is a back-row player,
intended to be used as a ball-control specialist, and it is
allowed to replace any player in the back row without
counting as a substitution. Libero uniform must
contrast to the other players.
Let Serve, which allows play to continue even after
ball touches the net as long as it continue into the
opponent’s court.

Expanded Service Area, provide the server wider

option to execute the serve.

Rally point scoring system, to win a point, a

serving or receiving team must win the rally.
VOLLEYB
ALL
SKILLS
EFFECTIVE VOLLEYBALL PLAY RELIES ON
MASTERING SEVERAL FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS:

Serving:
• The act of putting the ball into
play. Different types of serves
exist, including underhand,
overhand, jump serve, and float
serve, each with varying degrees of
difficulty and effectiveness.
TYPES OF SERVING:
1.Underhand serve
• Stands with non-dominant foot in front
• Holds ball loosely at hip height in non-
dominant hand
• Creates a fist with dominant hand and
rotates arm so that the heel of the hand is
facing up
• Extends dominant arm/serving arm
backwards
• Swings arm forward and hits the ball off
the non-dominant hand
TYPES OF SERVING:
2. Overhand serve
•Steps forward with the foot opposite
the serving hand
•Tosses the ball, 3-4 feet above your
head.
•Creates a bow and arrow with
serving arm
•Contacts ball with open palm
•Follows through and transfers
weight from back to front
TYPES OF SERVING:
3. Overhead Floater
•Steps forward with the foot opposite the
serving hand
•Tosses the ball with no spin, 3-4 feet
above your head.
•Creates a bow and arrow with a serving
arm
•Contacts ball with open palm, like an
exaggerated high-five
•Follows through and transfers weight
from back to front
SERVING DRILLS SERVING DRILLS
1. Ball Toss Drill. - 2. Wall Serve Drill-
Stand in serving Stand in a serving
position and hold your position approximately
hitting hand fully 20 feet from a wall on
extended. Toss the ball which is painted a line
so that it goes higher at the proper net
than your hitting hand height. Toss and serve
and lands on the the ball into the wall
target. above this line.
SERVING DRILLS SERVING DRILLS
3. Partner Serve at 4. End Line Serve
the Net Drill - serve Drill - you and your
the ball cleanly over partner should stand
the net, your partner on opposite end lines.
must able to catch the Serve cleanly back and
ball without moving forth to each other’s
more than one step in side of the court.
any direction.
EFFECTIVE VOLLEYBALL PLAY RELIES ON
MASTERING SEVERAL FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS:
Digging:
• A defensive skill used to receive a powerful
attack (e.g., spike) and keep the ball in play.
Requires quick reflexes and proper body
positioning.
TYPES OF DIGGING:
The regular dig
• happens when the
defensive player has
accurately anticipated
where the attacking team
will direct the ball. The
player then simply takes up
the right position, digs the
ball, and makes a pass to
another player in the team.
TYPES OF DIGGING:
The side dig
• is almost identical to the regular
dig, with hand positioning being
the only notable difference. In a
side dig, the ball is heading to
the player’s left or right-hand
side, not directly at the player.
• This usually happens because the
ball bounces off an unsuccessful
block, or because the defensive
player misjudged the ball’s
original path.
TYPES OF DIGGING:
The diving dig
• also known as simply ‘the
dive’, is a dig in which the
defensive player has to throw
themselves to the ground to
prevent the ball from touching
it. This usually happens when a
ball is too fast and the player
doesn’t have enough time to
properly position themselves.
Digs play an important part in passing
statistics as well, as they’re technically a
type of a pass.

There are four pass grades:

1.No pass (attacking team scores)
2.Poor pass (teammates have
difficulty playing the ball)
3.Acceptable pass (good ball, but it
puts the team out of the system)
4.Perfect pass (keeps the team in the
system and allows a counterattack)
EFFECTIVE VOLLEYBALL PLAY RELIES ON
MASTERING SEVERAL FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS:

Setting/Set pass:
• The skill of positioning the ball for an
attacker to spike. Typically, the setter
uses their hands to gently lift the ball in
a controlled manner.
Types of Set

1. High Outside
• is placed on the left
side of the court so
that, if left alone, it
would drop on the left
sideline. It is set higher
than the top of the net.
Types of Set

2. Quick Set
• always set in relation
to the setter. The ball
should be set correctly
by the setter to the
attacker/spiker.
Types of Set
3. Back Set
• performed with the
same technique as the
front high set except
that as the setter
contacts the ball, the
back is arched and the
ball is directed towards
the ceiling.
EFFECTIVE VOLLEYBALL PLAY RELIES ON
MASTERING SEVERAL FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS:

Blocking:
• A defensive play at the net
aimed at stopping an
opponent's attack. Blockers
jump and extend their arms
above the net to intercept the
ball.
 TYPES OF BLOCKING:
Single Double Triple Block
Block Block
Spiking/attack:
• A powerful offensive play
where a player jumps and
hits the ball forcefully into
the opponent's court.
Types of spike/attack

1.Dink
• often looked upon as a
defense maneuver to be
performed when the
conditions are not right for
a more powerful attack. it
is a legal push of the ball
around or over the
blockers
Types of
spike/attack

2. Off-speed Spiker
• similar effect to the
dink, but it hit deeper
into the opponent’s
court. it is hit with the
heel of the open hand
cutting the center of
the ball.
Types of spike/attack

3. Hard-driven Spiker
• is primary offensive weapon
in the volleyball. Spiker
should concentrate on three
areas: (a) timing of your
approach, (b) keeping the
ball in front of your hitting
shoulder, and (c) a forcible
wrist snap to impart topspin
to the hall.
Passing:
• A fundamental skill
used to receive the
ball from the
opponent, often using
forearms or hands to
direct the ball to a
teammate.
Types of pass

1. Forearm Pass
• sometimes referred to as
the "bump pass". it is
used to receive serves,
spikes, play any ball at
waist level or lower, and
play any ball that has
gone to the net. mostly
direct the ball to a
Types of pass
2. Overhead Pass
• usually your team’s second
contact of the ball in the three-
step offensive effort. it is a pass
made with both hands open
controlled by the fingers, with
player, face below the ball.
• it is used receiving any ball
higher than shoulder level and
coming to the player with little
FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT IN
VOLLEYBALL
 A. THE
COURT
A volleyball court is 18 meters long by 9
meters wide, with a net dividing the court
in half. The court is surrounded by a free
zone and has a minimum height clearance
above the playing surface.
 B. THE NET AND
NET POSTS
A volleyball net is placed over the center
line of the court, and is supported by two
posts. The net and posts are adjusted to
the correct height for the gender of the
players
C. THE REFEREE'S
STAND
A referee's stand is a platform that a
volleyball referee stands on to
officiate the game. The first referee
stands on the stand and controls the
play.
D. THE ANTENNAE
The Volleyball Net Antenna gives volleyball
players and referees a visual aid to judge
whether or not a ball is in play or out of bounds
as it travels over the net. The Volleyball Net
Antenna features positive-traction molded
clamps that fasten firmly to the top and bottom
cables.
E. THE BALL
The ball shall be spherical, made of
flexible leather or synthetic leather case
with a bladder inside made of rubber or
a similar material. Its color may be
uniform light color or a combinations of
balls used in International official
competitions should comply with FIVB
standards.
F. CLOTHING
A player's equipment consists of a jersey,
shorts, socks (the uniform) and sport shoes.
The color and the design for the jersey, shorts
and socks must be uniform for the team
(except for the Libero). The uniforms must be
clean. The shoes must be light and pliable with
non-marking rubber or composite soles without
heels.
 G. PAD
For players who dive for balls, both
knee and elbow pads may be worn.
They reduce the chance of developing
bone bruises or abrasions from
contact with the floor.
TERMINOLOG
Y AND RULES
OF THE GAME
Rules often change, so players and
coaches must keep abreast of these
changes from time to time. The latest
update was approved in 2008 during the
31st Congress of the FIVB which was
published in 2009. The FIVB Official
Volleyball Rules for 2009-2012 is the latest
reference for both athletes and coaches
throughout the world.
Following are important rules
extracted from the FIVB 2009-
2012 Rules. For the details of
each rule, the student or coach
may refer to the full text of the
international rule.
1. PLAYING AREA
The playing area includes the playing court and
free zone. The playing court is a rectangle
measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone
which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides. The
free space is the space above the playing area
which is free from any obstruction with a
minimum of 7 m height from the playing surface.
2. NET AND POSTS
Placed vertically over the centre line is a net
whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men
and 2.24 m for women. The posts supporting the
net are placed at a distance of 0.50- 1.00m
outside the sidelines. They are 2.25 m high and
preferably adjustable. The posts are rounded and
smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.
3. BALLS
The balls shall be spherical, made of flexible
leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside made of rubber or a similar materials. Its
color may be a uniform light color, or a
combination of colors. Its circumference is 65-67
cm and its weight is 260-280 grams. Inside
pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.3.25 kg/cm²
4. TEAMS
A team may consist of up to 12 players, one
coach, one assistant coach, one trainer and one
medical doctor. One of the players, other than
the Libero, is the team captain, who shall be
indicated on the score sheet. Only the players
recorded on the score sheet may enter the court
and play in the match
5. TEAM LEADERS
A team may consist of up to 12 players, one
coach, one assistant coach, one trainer and one
medical doctor. One of the players, other than
the Libero, is the team captain, who shall be
indicated on the score sheet. Only the players
recorded on the score sheet may enter the court
and play in the match.
6. SCORING
SYSTEM
A team successfully scores a point by
successfully
grounding the ball on the opponent's court, when
the opponent team commits a fault, and when the
opponent team receives a penalty. A set is won by
the team which first scores 25 points with a
minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24
tie, play is continued until a two-point lead is
7. THE TOSS
Before the match, the first referee carries out a
toss to decide upon the first service and the sides
of the court in the first set. The toss is taken in the
presence of two team captains. The winner of the
toss chooses either; the right to serve or receive
the service or the side of the court. The loser takes
the remaining choice.
8. TEAM STARTING
LINE-UP
There must always be six players per team in play.
The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational
order of the players on the court. This order must
be maintained throughout the set. The players who
are not in the starting line-up of a set are the
substitutes for that set (except for the Libero).
9. POSITIONS
At the moment the ball is hit by the
server, each team must be positioned
within its own court in the rotational order
(except the server). The positions of the
player are numbered as follows: the three
players along the net are front-row
players.
10. ROTATION &
ROTATIONAL FAULT
When the receiving team has gained the
right to serve, its players rotate one position
clock-wise; the player in position 2 rotates to
position 1 to serve, the player in position 1
rotate to position 6, etc. A rotational fault is
committed when the SERVICE is not made
according to the rotational order.
11. BALL IN PLAY
The ball is in play from the moment of the hit of
the service authorized by the first referee.

12. BALL OUT- OF PLAY

The ball is out play at the moment of the fault
which is whistled by one of the referees; in the
absence of fault, at the moment of the whistle.
13. BALL "IN" AND
BALL "OUT"
The ball is "in" when it touches the floor of
the playing court including the boundary
lines. The ball is "out" when the part of the
ball which contacts the floor is completely
outside the boundary lines
14. TEAM HITS
Each team must play within its own playing
area and space. The ball may, however, be
retrieved from beyond the free zone. A hit is
any contact with the ball by a player in play.
The team is entitled to a maximum of three
hits (in addition to blocking), for returning
the ball.
15. CONSECUTIVE AND
SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS
A player may not hit the ball two
times consecutively. The ball may
touch various parts of the body,
provided that the contacts take
place simultaneously.
16. BALL TOUCHING
THE NET
While crossing the net, the ball may touch
it. A ball driven into the net may be
recovered within the limits of the three
team hits. If the ball rips the mesh of the
net or tears down, the rally is cancelled and
replayed.
17. REACHING BEYOND AND
PENETRATING THE NET
It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent's
space under the net, provided that this does not
interfere with the opponent's play. This action may
include a player to touch the opponent's court with
a foot (feet) is provided, that some part of the
penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact
with or directly above the centre line. A player may
enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of
play.
18. SERVING FAULTS
The following faults lead to a change
of service even if the opponent is out
of position; the server: (1) violates
the service order and (2) does not
execute the service properly.
19. RESTRICTIONS OF THE
ATTACK
A front-row player may complete an attack hit at
any height, provided that the contact has been
made within the player's own playing space. A
back-row player may complete an attack hit at any
height from behind the front zone provided that at
his take-off the player's foot must neither have
touched nor crossed over the attack line. After his
hit, the player may land within the front zone.
20. BLOCKING WITHIN THE
OPPONENT'S SPACE
In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and
arms beyond the net provided that this action does
not interfere with the opponent's play. Thus, it is not
permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an
opponent has executed an attack hit. To block an
opponent's service is forbidden.
21. TIME-OUTS AND
TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS
All time-outs that are requested last for 30
seconds. Only 2 time-outs of 30 seconds
duration may be requested by each team.
During all the time-outs, the players must go
to the free zone near their bench.
22. SUBSTITUTION OF
PLAYERS
Six substitutions is the maximum permitted
per team per set. One or more players may be
substituted at the same time. A substitute
player may enter the game in place of a
player of the starting line-up, but only once
per set, and he/she can only be substituted by
the same starting player.
TERMINOLOG
Y
Ace. an in bounds legal serve that the opponents
cannot return, resulting in a point for the serving
team.

Attack line. A line three meters from the net that

separates the front-row players from the back-row
players.

Bump Pass. The use of joined forearms to pass or

set a ball in an underhand manner.
Center Line. The line directly under the net that
divides the court into two.

Ready position. The flexed yet comfortable

posture a player assumes before moving to the
point of contact.

Rotation. The clockwise movement of players

around the court and through the serving position
following a side out.
THA
NK
YOU