Types of research

Vikram Kumar Singh

22mptr188
What is research
• 1. The systematic, rigorous investigation of a situation or problem
in order to generate new knowledge or validate existing knowledge.
• APPLIED RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH APPLIED
RESEARCH Applied research refers to scientific study and research that
seeks to solve practical problems. Applied research is used to find
solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative
technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake.
For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to: • Improve
range of motion of particular joints • Treat or cure a specific muscle •
Improve the energy efficiency of muscles
• BASIC RESEARCH Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is driven
by a scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The main
motivation is to expand man's knowledge, not to create or invent
something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries
that result from basic research. For example, basic science
investigations probe for answers to questions such as: • How did the
muscle work? • What are neurons and ,how they composed of? •
How do resistive exe work? • What is the specific exe for pt with
stroke?
• Correlational research refers to the systematic investigation or
statistical study of relationships among two or more variables,
without necessarily determining cause and effect. It Seeks to
establish a relation/association/correlation between two or more
variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental
manipulation. For example, to test the hypothesis “ Listening to
music lowers blood pressure levels” there are 2 ways of conducting
research • Experimental – group samples and make one group listen
to music and then compare the bplevels • Survey – ask people how
they feel ? How often they listen?
• CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Advantages: 1) Can collect much
information from many subjects at one time. 2) Can study a wide
range of variables and their interrelations. 3) Study variables that
are not easily produced in the laboratory. Disadvantages: 1)
Correlation does not indicate causation( cause and effect). 2)
Problems with self-report method .
• Descriptive research refers to research that provides an accurate
portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or
group. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research.
These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing
what exists, determining the frequency with which something
occurs, and categorizing information. In short descriptive research
deals with everything that can be counted and studied, which has
an impact of the lives of the people it deals with. For example, •
finding the most frequent position or posture that affects the body
mechanics. The reader of the research will know what to do to
prevent and thus, more people will live a healthy life
• DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Advantages: • The people individual
studied are unaware so they act naturally or as they usually do in
everyday situation; • It is less expensive and time consuming than
quantitative experiments; • Collects a large amount of notes for
detailed studying; • As it is used to describe and not make any
conclusions it is to start the research with it; Disadvantages •
Descriptive research requires more skills. • Does not identify cause
behind a phenomenon • Response rate is low in this research. •
Results of this research can change over the period of time.
• ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Ethnographic research refer to the
investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of
the culture; it involves the systematic collection, description, and
analysis of data for development of theories of cultural behaviour. • It
studies people, ethnic groups and other ethnic formations, their ethno
genesis, composition, resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as
well as their material and spiritual culture. • Data collection is often
done through participant observation, interviews, questionnaires, etc.
• The purpose of ethnographic research is to attempt to understand
what is happening naturally in the setting and to interpret the data
gathered to see what implications could be formed from the data.
• Experimental research is an objective, systematic, controlled
investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling
phenomena and examining probability and causality among
selected variables. Advantages • Best establishes cause-and-effect
relationships Disadvantages • Artificiality • Feasibility • Unethical
• EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH The simplest experimental design
includes two variables and two groups of participants. The two
variables(Independent versus Dependent variables). • The IV is the
predictor variable whereas the DV is the outcome variable. •
Researchers manipulate and control the IV to study it's effect on the
DV. The two groups of participants (Control versus Experimental
group). • Before beginning the experiment, the researcher (randomly)
assigns his/her sample to two different groups: the control group and
the experimental (treatment group or clinical group). • The control
group receives no manipulation of the IV (no treatment), whereas the
experimental group receives the manipulation of the IV