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Alkene

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n, characterized by a C=C double bond and reactive properties. They undergo various reactions including combustion, addition reactions (hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, and oxidation), and are important for producing a range of chemicals. The document also includes methods for distinguishing alkenes from alkanes and suggests assessment questions for further study.

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19 views17 pages

Alkene

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n, characterized by a C=C double bond and reactive properties. They undergo various reactions including combustion, addition reactions (hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, and oxidation), and are important for producing a range of chemicals. The document also includes methods for distinguishing alkenes from alkanes and suggests assessment questions for further study.

Uploaded by

Jeneava Shirley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organic

Chemistry
ALKENES
Alkenes
● Have general formula CnH2n
● Are unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain a C=C double
bond
● Functional group is C=C double bond
● Are generally fairly reactive
● Names end with -ene
● Compounds with 4 or more carbon atoms exhibit structural
isomerism to include positional and chain isomers.
alkenes

But-1-ene but-2-ene
Reactions of alkenes
1. Combustion
➔ Alkanes burn in air to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat
energy, if sufficient oxygen is present. This is called complete
combustion.
➔ When alkanes burn in air, they do not burn with a clean flame
and release unreacted carbon as soot and sometimes carbon
monoxide as well as carbon dioxide and steam
Reactions of alkenes
Reactions of alkene
2. ADDITION REACTIONS
● Atoms are added to the carbon atoms in the C=C double bond.
● Two molecules react to form one molecule
● The C=C double bond breaks and each carbon can now bond to an
atom from the incoming molecule to form a saturated compound.
Reactions of alkenes
A. Hydrogenation
● The addition of hydrogen to an alkene molecule in the presence of a
nickel catalyst, a pressure of 5 atmospheres and a temperature of
1500C.
● Produces the corresponding alkane.
● Equation: C=C breaks and each C now bonds to a H atom.
Reactions of alkenes
B. Halogenation
● The addition of a halogen to an alkene molecule, reaction takes
place readily.
● The C=C double bond breaks and each carbon bonds to a halogen
atom.
● Equation: C2H4(g) + Br2(g) C2H4Br2(l)
Reactions of alkenes
C. Addition of Hydrogen Halides
● Alkenes react with hydrogen halides (eg. HCl, HBr) at room
temperature to produce haloalkanes or halogenoalkanes.
● The double bond breaks and one C bonds to the H atom and the
other C bonds the the halogen atom.
● equation:
REactions of alkenes
D. Hydration
● The addition of water, H2O to the alkene molecule. The water
molecules break into (H.OH) and the C=C breaks. One C bonds to
the H atom and the other bonds to the OH group.
● The corresponding alcohol is formed.
● The conditions for the reaction are phosphoric acid catalyst, a
pressure of 70 atmospheres and a temperature of 3000C.
Reactions of alkenes
Hydration (contd)
● equation:
Reactions of alkenes
E. Addition with acidified potassium manganate (VII)
● The reaction is a redox reaction in which the alkene is oxidised to
form a dialcohol (ie. an alcohol with two OH groups)
● During the reaction the purple manganate (VII) ions rapidly changes
colour from purple to colourless.
Reactions of alkenes
Addition with acidified potassium manganate (VII)

● Equation:

ethene ethane-1,2-diol

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) + [O] → C2H4(OH)2(l)


Uses of alkenes
● They are important starting materials for the manufacture of a wide
range of chemical because they undergo addition reactions.
● List at least 5 chemicals that use alkenes as their starting products
Distinguishing between alkanes and alkenes in the
lab

● Read page 250 of your textbook on the reactions to differentiate


between alkanes and alkenes.
Summary
● Reactions of Alkenes
● Differentiating between alkanes and alkenes
Assessment
● Do summary questions on page 251.
● Do Practice exam style questions on page 253 numbers 1-9 in your
notebooks.

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