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Module1

The document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, focusing on internet connectivity, including physical and logical connections, and the role of network interface cards (NICs). It discusses the installation of adapters like modems and NICs, and the evolution of internet connectivity from dial-up to high-speed services. Additionally, it covers the use of the ping utility for testing network connectivity and the functions of web browsers.

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4 views

Module1

The document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, focusing on internet connectivity, including physical and logical connections, and the role of network interface cards (NICs). It discusses the installation of adapters like modems and NICs, and the evolution of internet connectivity from dial-up to high-speed services. Additionally, it covers the use of the ping utility for testing network connectivity and the functions of web browsers.

Uploaded by

abanoubking997
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cisco Network Academy

Semester I

Chapter 1 –
Introduction to Networking
Chapter Overview

• Two sections to the chapter


– Internet connectivity
– Network Math
Internet Connection (1.1.1)
• Connection to the Internet can be
broken down into the physical
connection, the logical connection, and
the application
Internet Connection (1.1.1)
• Physical Connection
– made by connecting a specialized
expansion card such as a modem or a
network interface card (NIC) from a
computer (PC) to a network
– used to transfer signals between PCs
within the local network and to remote
devices on the Internet
Internet Connection (1.1.1)
• Logical Connection
– uses standards called protocols: formal
descriptions of a set of rules and
conventions that govern how devices on a
network communicate
– TCP/IP is the standard
Internet Connection (1.1.1)
• Application
– interprets the data and displays the
information in an understandable form
– work with protocols to send and receive
data across the Internet
pc basics (1.1.2)
• Pc components.
Network Interface Card(1.1.3)
• a printed circuit board that provides
network communication capabilities to
and from a personal computer
Network Interface Card
• The NIC communicates with the network
through a serial connection and with the
computer through a parallel connection
• When selecting a NIC, consider the following
factors:
– Protocols – Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
– Types of media – Twisted-pair, coaxial, wireless,
or fiber-optic
– Type of system bus – PCI or ISA
Adapter Installation
• Connectivity to the Internet requires an
adapter card, which may be a modem
or NIC
• A modem, or modulator-
demodulator, is a device
that provides connectivity to
a telephone line
Adapter Installation
• Situations that require NIC installation
include the following
– Adding a NIC to a PC that does not already
have one
– Replacing a bad or damaged NIC
– Upgrading from a 10-Mbps NIC to a
10/100-Mbps NIC
Adapter Installation
• To perform the installation of a NIC or
modem the following resources may be
required
– Knowledge of how the adapter is
configured, including jumpers and plug-
and-play software
– Availability of diagnostic tools
– Ability to resolve hardware resource
conflicts
High-Speed and Dial Up
Connectivity
• 1960’s – Modems were introduced
• 1970’s – BBS (Bulletin Board Systems), posting
on message boards
• 1980’s – transfer of files and graphics
became desirable
• 1990’s – modem speed increased to 56k
• 2000 – High speed services became
desirable
PING
• Ping is a utility used to verify network
connectivity
• Works by sending multiple IP packets to
a specified destination requesting a
reply
• Used to test the NIC transmit/receive
function, the TCP/IP configuration, and
network connectivity
PING
• Types of Ping tests
– ping 127.0.0.1 - This ping is unique
and is called an internal loopback test. It
verifies the operation of the TCP/IP stack
and NIC transmit/receive function
– ping IP address of host computer
- A ping to a host PC verifies the TCP/IP
address configuration for the local host and
connectivity to the host
PING
• Types of Ping tests (cont)
– ping default-gateway IP address -
A ping to the default gateway verifies
whether the router that connects the local
network to other networks can be reached
– ping remote destination IP
address - A ping to a remote destination
verifies connectivity to a remote host
The Web Browser
• A web browser performs the following
functions:
– Contacts a web server
– Requests information
– Receives information
– Displays the results on the screen
• Two of the most popular are Netscape
Navigator and Internet Explorer
Troubleshooting Internet
Connections

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