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Chapter 3 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

The document discusses synchronous machines, focusing on the concept of a revolving or rotating magnetic field achieved through two or three-phase supply. It details the construction of synchronous generators, including the stator and rotor components, and outlines the importance of DC field excitation and methods of excitation. Additionally, it describes key parameters for measuring synchronous generator models, including the relationship between field current and flux, synchronous reactance, and armature resistance, along with testing methods like open circuit and short circuit tests.

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21 views25 pages

Chapter 3 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

The document discusses synchronous machines, focusing on the concept of a revolving or rotating magnetic field achieved through two or three-phase supply. It details the construction of synchronous generators, including the stator and rotor components, and outlines the importance of DC field excitation and methods of excitation. Additionally, it describes key parameters for measuring synchronous generator models, including the relationship between field current and flux, synchronous reactance, and armature resistance, along with testing methods like open circuit and short circuit tests.

Uploaded by

ademasfaw222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronous Machines

Revolving Field
• Revolving field is also called as rotating Magnetic field
• Rotating magnetic field can be attain by using two or three phase
supply
• A rotating magnetic field is a magnetic field that has moving
polarities in which its opposite poles rotate about a central point or
axis. Ideally the rotation changes direction at a constant angular rate.
Rotating magnetic field due to 3Փ Ac Supply
Construction of Synchronous
Machine
Synchronous Generator
• Stator is 3 phase Armature winding
• Rotor is Electromagnet with DC winding
• According to the shape of the field, synchronous machines may be
classified as cylindrical-rotor (non-salient pole) machines and salient-
pole machines (projected pole machines)
Stator
• Stator in synchronous machine has stator armature with stator slot in
which conductors are wound
• The stator winding is of 3 phase distributed winding in order to get s
phase sinusoidal AC output
• Field Excitation and Exciters
DC field excitation is an important part of the overall design of a synchronous
generator. The field excitation must ensure not only a stable AC terminal voltage, but
must also respond to sudden load changes Rapid field excitation response is important

• Three methods of excitation


1. slip rings link the rotor’s field winding to an external dc source
2. dc generator exciter
• a dc generator is built on the same shaft as the ac generator’s rotor
• a commutator rectifies the current that is sent to the field winding
3. brushless exciter
• an ac generator with fixed field winding and a rotor with a three phase circuit
• diode/SCR rectification supplies dc current to the field windings
Measuring parameters of synchronous generator
model
The three quantities must be determined in order to describe the
generator model:
1.The relationship between field current and flux (and therefore
between the field current IF and the internal generated voltage EA);
2.The synchronous reactance;
3.The armature resistance.
Open circuit Test
Short Circuit Test
In here,
•the generator is rotated at the rated speed, with the field current is
set to zero first, and all the terminals are short-circuited through
ammeters.
•Next, the field current is increased in steps and the armature current
IA is measured as the field current is increased. The plot of armature
current (or line current) vs. the field current is the short-circuit
characteristic (SCC) of the generator.

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