Engineering Drawing

• A drawing is a graphic representation of an object, or a part of it, and is the result

of creative thought by an engineer or technician.
• Technically, it can be defined as “a graphic representation of an idea, a concept or
an entity which actually or potentially exists in life”.
• Drawing is one of the oldest forms of communicating even farther than verbal
communication.
• The drawing itself is a way of communicating all necessary information about an
abstract, such as an idea or concept or a graphic representation of some real
entity, such as a machine part, house or tools.
• There are two basic types of drawings:
1.Artistic
2.Technical
 Artistic Drawings
• Artistic Drawings range in scope from the simplest line drawing to the most
famous paintings. Regardless of their complexity, artistic drawings are used to
express the feelings, beliefs, philosophies, and ideas of the artist.
• In order to understand an artistic drawing, it is sometimes necessary to first
understand the artist. Artists often take a subtle or abstract approach in
communicating through their drawings, which in turn gives rise to various
interpretations.
 Technical Drawings
• The technical drawing, on the other hand, is not subtle, or abstract. It does not
require an understanding of its creator, only an understanding of technical
drawings.
• A technical drawing is a means of clearly and concisely communicating all of the
information necessary to transform an idea or a concept in to reality. Therefore, a
technical drawing often contains more than just a graphic representation of its
subject. It also contains dimensions, IS symbols, notes and specifications.
 Purpose of Technical Drawings
• To appreciate the need for technical drawings, one must understand the design
process. The design process is an orderly, systematic procedure used in
accomplishing a needed design.
• Any product that is to be manufactured, fabricated, assembled, constructed, built,
or subjected to any other types of conversion process must first be designed. For
example, a house must be designed before it can be built.
Application of Technical Drawing
• Technical drawings are used in many different applications. They are needed in any
setting, which involves design, and in any subsequent forms of conversion process.
The most common applications of technical drawings can be found in the fields of
manufacturing, engineering and construction.
• For instance, Surveyors, civil engineers, sanitarians use technical drawings to
document such works as the layout of a new subdivisions, or the marking of the
boundaries for a piece of property. Contractors and construction personnel use
technical drawings as their blue prints in converting architectural and engineering
instruments and equipment's
• To record information on paper instruments and equipment's are needed.
Engineering drawing is entirely a graphic language hence instruments are
essentially needed. Drawing must be clear, neat and legible in order to serve its
purpose. Hence it is extremely important for engineers to have good speed,
accuracy, legibility and neatness in the drawing work.
Important Drawing Equipment's
• All drawings are made by means of various instruments. The quality of drawing
depends to a large extent on the quality, adjustment and care of the instruments.
 Drawing Paper
• Drawing paper is the paper, on which drawing is to be made. All engineering
drawings are made on sheets of paper of strictly defined sizes, which are set forth
in the standards. The use of standard size saves paper and ensures convenient
storage of drawings. Now a day, A3 and A4 are the most commonly used paper
sizes. The standard establishes five preferred sizes for drawings as tabulated
bellow:
Triangles (setsquares)
• They are used to construct the most common angles (i.e. 30, 45, 60 degree) in
technical drawings. The 45 x 45 and 30 x 60 triangles are the most commonly
used for ordinary work. They are shown in the figure below.
 T- square
• It is used primarily to draw horizontal lines and for guiding the triangles when
drawing vertical and inclined lines. It is manipulated by sliding the working edge
(inner face) of the head along the left edge of the board until the blade is in the
required position.
French curve
• It is used to draw irregular curves that are not circle arcs. The shape varies
according to the shape of irregular curve.
Protractor
• It is used for laying out and measuring angle.
Scale (ruler)
• A number of kinds of scales are available for varied types of engineering design,
Scales with beveled edges and graduated in mm are usually used.
Pencil
• The student and professional man should be equipped with a selection of good,
well-sharpened pencil with leads of various degrees of hardness such as: 9H, 8H,
7H, and 6H (hard); 5H& 4H (medium hard); 3H and 2H (medium); and H& F
(medium soft). The grade of pencil to be used for various purposes depends on
the type of line desired, the kind of paper employed, and the humidity, which
affects the surface of the paper.
Compass
• It is used to draw circles and arcs both in pencil and ink. It consists of two legs
pivoted at the top. One leg is equipped with a steel needle attached with a screw,
and other shorter leg is, provided with a socket for detachable inserts.