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Chem 1315 Unit 0

The document outlines the syllabus and requirements for General Chemistry 1315, including due dates for recitation worksheets, lab safety quizzes, and lab reports. It also provides rules for significant figures, unit conversions, and density calculations, along with examples and practice questions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of following proper procedures for lab attendance and submissions.

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10 views21 pages

Chem 1315 Unit 0

The document outlines the syllabus and requirements for General Chemistry 1315, including due dates for recitation worksheets, lab safety quizzes, and lab reports. It also provides rules for significant figures, unit conversions, and density calculations, along with examples and practice questions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of following proper procedures for lab attendance and submissions.

Uploaded by

lamboawesomness
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WELCOME TO GENERAL CHEMISTRY

1315
 Recitation Worksheet Due by the end of the
class or by 11.59pm same day by email or Canvas, each worth 10
points.
 Lab Safety Quiz due on Labflow by January 28th
 Lab Labflow

Pre-lab due before entering lab (at least 1 hour before lab)

Lab report due by 48 hours of the lab done


 No online labs/recitation
 Two make-up labs available at the end of the semester
 If in isolation/quarantine need to send passport from the healthy
together app
 With valid documentation for absence, recitation worksheets can be
completed at home
CHEM 1315 Unit 0

Significant Figures and Unit Conversion


Significant Figures

We follow rules to determine the correct number of significant figures in a


reported measurement.

Rule 1. All non-zero numbers are significant.

456.78 5
34.8 3

Rule 2. Zeros between non-zero numbers are significant.

6.08 3
7.007 4
309 3
Rule 3. Zeros to the right of nonzero numbers and to the right of the decimal point are
significant.
7.00 3
560.0 4
760.000 6

Rule 4. Zeros to the right of nonzero numbers without decimal points are ambiguous.

990 2 or 3 SFs?

Does it mean 990 ± 10 or 990 ± 1 ????


In general, assume that these ambiguous zeros are not significant.

Eliminate ambiguity by using scientific notation or use a decimal point to indicate


significance.

990. or 9.90 x 102 for three SFs


9.9 x 102 for two SFs.
Rule 5. Zeros to the right of the decimal point but to the left of nonzero numbers are
not significant.

0.00787 3
0.07800 4
0.008 1
Significant Figure Rules for Multiplication and Division

• The calculated answer can be Perform the calculation and report


no more precise than the least the answer based upon the
precise number from which the original number with the fewest
answer is derived. significant figures.

• The least precise number is the


one with the fewest significant
figures.
4.2 103 (15.94) 8
2 .9688692 10
2.255 10  4
Reported answer = 3.0 x 108
Significant Figure Rules for Addition and Subtraction
 The least certain
measurement
(fewest decimal Line up the decimal points and report the answer based upon
places) limits the the fewest decimal places
certainty of the
calculated
answer.
Example:74.256 cm +3.2 cm ?
To what decimal place should the answer
be reported and how many significant
figures should be there?

Reported answer = 77.5 cm ; rounded to tenths place


having 3 significant figures
Significant Figures in Mixed Operations
 Follow the “order of operation” for solving mathematical problems. You can read this with the
mnemonic :
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sallie.
The order is: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction.

 Solve the mixed operation to find percent:

(17.45-16.9) x 100% =
16.9

There are 3 steps in this analysis:


1. Solve parenthesis and analyze number of SF in answer. But DO NOT round anything
2. Use answer in part 1 and do division. Identify number of SF after this operation.
3. Multiply by 100%, an exact number.
 Solve parenthesis and analyze number of SF in answer because this is an
addition/subtraction operation. But DO NOT round anything.
(17.45-16.9) = 0.55
How many SF result from #1? Only 1. (least number of decimal
places = 1) Always make a note of number of SF and return at
end of problem for final analysis of number of SF.
 Return to problem and do remaining mathematical operations

 Since 100% is an exact number, it will not change the number of SF.
Even though you will used 0.55 to do the math, you have 1 SF in numerator and 3 SF in
denominator.
Final answer after division = 1 SF
Units Conversion Formula

 Mass : 1kg = 1000g = 1000000mg


 Temperature : K = (°C) + 273.15
 Length : 1km = 1000m = 100000cm = 106mm
 Time : 1hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
 Volume : 1m3 = 106 cm3 ; 1litre = 1000 ml
 Density : mass/volume
= 1g/cm3
= 1000kg/m3
Abbreviat Abbreviati
Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning
ion on

Tera- T 1012 Milli- m 10−3

Giga- G 109 Micro- μ 10−6

Mega- M 106 Nano- n 10−9

Kilo- k 103 Pico- p 10−12

Deci- d 10−1 Femto- f 10–15

Centi- c 10−2 Atto- a 10–18


Be able to convert metric units – know these relationships!

Scientific
Prefix Symbol Multiplier Notation

mega M 1,000,000 106


kilo k 1,000 103
deci d 0.1 10-1
centi c 0.01 10-2
milli m 0.001 10-3
micro μ 0.000001 10-6
nano nano 0.000000001 10-9
Units of Measurement

Temperature:
The following conversions must be made frequently, so memorize
these conversions!
1. Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius :
? ºC = 5 ( ___ºF – 32)
9
2. Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit :
? ºF= 9 ( ___ºC) + 32
5
3. Conversion of Celsius to Kelvin:
? K = ___ºC + 273.15
Volume of solids

The amount of space a solid occupies depends on


the shape of the solid.
 A cube is measured by the distance of each
side and calculated as
 length x width x height.
 This particle volume would be
10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm = 1000 cm3.

Wikimedia, last accessed 1-23-15


Density

Density is a property of matter defined as the amount of mass in a unit volume of


a substance.

mass
Density = Know this formula
Volume

 Density is often expressed as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3) or grams per
milliliter (g/mL).

 Since the volume of a liquid can change with temperature, densities are often
specified at a given temperature.
Units of Measurement
Example: A 2.85 g cube has a length of 1.85 cm. What is the
density?

V=lxwxh
V = 1.85cm x 1.85 cm x 1.85 cm = (1.85cm)3 = 6.33 cm3

Density = Mass 2.85 g


Density =
Volume 6.33 cm3

d = 0.450 g/cm3
Practice Questions
 Convert the following measurements into m.
a) 280 cm b) 56100 mm c) 3.7 km
ANSWER : 1m = 100cm = 1000mm ; 1km = 1000m
a) 280cm*1m/100cm = 2.8m
b) 56100mm*1m/1000mm = 56.1m
c) 3.7km*1000m/1km = 3700m
 A cargo container is 50m long, 10m wide, and 8m tall. Find its
volume in cubic centimetres.
ANSWER : Volume = l*b*h =50m*10m*8m = 4000m3
1m3 = 100cm*100cm*100cm =106cm3

=4*109 cm3
WHAT IS DUE ?
 R1 on Achieve due by next week
 Worksheet for Unit 0 in class next week
 Safety quiz due by January 28th

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