NETWORK MEDIA

1
Network Media- is the actual path
over which an electrical signal travels
as it moves from one component to
another.

2
TWISTED-PAIR CABLE

• a type of cabling that is used for

telephone communication and most
modern Ethernet networks.

• A pair of wires forms a circuit that

can transmit data.

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2 Basic Types of Twisted-Pair Cable
• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
• Shielded twisted pair (STP)

UTP cable is a medium that is composed of

pairs of wires. It is used in a variety of
networks. Each of the eight individual
copper wires in UTP cable is covered by an
insulating material. 4
 Figure 1.1 Unshielded
Twisted Pair
UTP cable must follow precise
specifications governing how Figure 1.2 Registered Jack 45
(RJ 45)
many twists or braids are
permitted per meter (3.28 feet)
of cable. UTP cable often is
installed using a Registered 5
Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques
of shielding, cancellation, and wire twisting.

Figure 1.3 Shielded Twisted

Pair

UTP cable often is installed using a Registered Jack 45 (RJ-

45) connector.
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Coaxial Cable – consist of hollow outer cylindrical
conductor that surround a single inner wire made
of two conducting elements.

Figure 1.4 Coaxial Cable

7
FIBER OPTIC- used for networking consists of two
fibers encased in separate sheaths.

8
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION- uses radio frequencies (RF) of
infrared (IR) waves to transmit data between devices on a
LAN.

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SUMMARY

• Coaxial cable consists of a hollow outer cylindrical

conductor that surrounds a single inner wire conductor.

• UTP cable is a four-pair wire medium used in a variety of

networks.

• STP cable combines the techniques of shielding,

cancellation, and wire twisting.

• Fiber-optic cable is a networking medium capable of

conducting modulated light transmission.

• Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that can

travel through the vacuum of outer space and through a 10
NETWORK TOOLS,
EQUIPMENT AND
TESTING DEVICES

11
HUB

-enable computers on a network to

communicate. It can send or receive
information, but it can’t do both at the
same time.

2 TYPES OF HUB

1. Active Hub- They are smarter than

the passive hubs.

2. Passive Hub- They are more like

point contact for the wires to build
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SWITCH

-work the same way as hubs, but they can identify

the intended destination of the information that they
receive, so they send that information to only the
computers that are supposed to receive it.

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BRIDGE
A bridge is a
computer
networking
device that
builds the
connection with
the other bridge
networks which
use the same
protocol. 14
ROUTER
Router enable
computers to
communicate,
and they can
pass information
between two
networks – such
as between your
home network
and the internet.

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WIRELESS ACCESS
POINTS (APAs or
WAPs)
Access points (also
called base
stations) provide
wireless access to
a wired Ethernet
network.
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MODEM- is a device which
converts the computer into
analog signals to enable
e=their travelling via phone
lines. The ‘modulator-
demodulator’ or modem can
be used as a dial up for LAN
or to connect to an ISP

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PATCH PANEL – A panel that
allows multiple devices to be
connected and managed in a UTP CABLE- Short for
more efficient manner. unshielded twisted pair, a
popular type of cable that
consists of two unshielded
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MODULAR BOX– also known
as wall jack or plate, it is
used to cover a portion of a REPEATER- A network device
wall where there is an used to regenerate or
opening for networking replicate a signal.
outlets.
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RJ 45– Short for
registered Jack 45, a RJ-45
is an 8-pin connection for
ethernet network
adapters. This connector
resembles the RJ-11 or 6-
pin connector used with
telephones in the United 20
COMMON NETWORKING
TOOL
CABLE TESTER– A cable
tester is a device that is
used to test the strength
and connectivity of a
particular type of cable or
other wired assemblies.

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COMMON NETWORKING
TOOL

PUNCH DOWN TOOL– A

punch down tool, also
called a krone tool, is a
hand tool used to connect
telecommunication and
network wires to a patch
panel, punch down block,
keystone module or 22
COMMON NETWORKING
TOOL

CRIMPING TOOL– is a
device used to conjoin
two pieces of metal by
deforming one or both of
them in a way that causes
them to hold each other.

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COMMON NETWORKING
TOOL

WIRE STRIPPER– A tool

designed to remove the
protective covering
(jacket) off of a cable to
expose the inner wires.

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SELF-CHECK

1 2

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SELF-CHECK

3 4

26
SELF-CHECK

5 6

27
SELF-CHECK

7 8

28
SELF-CHECK

9 10

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SELF-CHECK

11 12

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ETHERNET CABLE
CONFIGURATION

31
A good Ethernet
cable
configuration
termination
provides a proper
wire crimp. Also,
important, is not
unwinding the
wires more than
necessary. 32
Figure 1.2. Straight
Through Configuration

33
How to configure Ethernet Cable
1. Strip the cables Jacket one full inch.
2. Untwist the wires back to within 1/8 of the jacket.
3. Arrange the wires in the order in which you want to
crimp them, (T568A, T568B, etc.)
4. Grasp the wires firmly, between your thumb and
forefinger, flatten them, and even wiggle them a
bit, to take out the curliness, (concentrate your
efforts on the bottom ½) the wires must lay flat and
together, aligned as close as possible.
34
How to configure Ethernet Cable
5. While holding the wires firmly, cut off the wires ½ from
the cables jacket (Cut the wires with some sharp wire
strippers or even high-quality scissors, avoid wire cutters
that flatten the ends of the wires insulating material, this
makes inserting the wires very difficult)
6. Insert the wires into the connector, making sure the
wires stay lined up. *The wires should reach the end of
the little tube they are in.
7. The jacket should go even with the end of the first
indent; if possible, it’s a strain relief for the cable.
8. Insert it into the crimping tool, and Crimp it!.
35
Important Notes
• A straight through cable has an identical end.
• A crossover cable has different ends
• A straight-through is used as a patch cord in
Ethernet connections.
• A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices
without a hub or for connecting two hubs/switches.

36
Important Notes
• A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires
switched with the Green set.
• Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from
you, Brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is on the
left.
• No more than ½ of the Ethernet cable should be
untwisted it will be susceptible to crosstalk.
• Do not deform, do not bend, do not stretch, do not
staple, do not run parallel with power cables, and do
not run Ethernet cables near noise inducing
components. 37