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Reported Speech

Reported speech is used to convey what others have said, requiring changes in personal pronouns, tenses, and adverbials. The document outlines how to convert direct speech into indirect speech, including examples and rules for statements, questions, and commands. It also highlights exceptions, such as when the reporting verb is in the present tense.

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4 views

Reported Speech

Reported speech is used to convey what others have said, requiring changes in personal pronouns, tenses, and adverbials. The document outlines how to convert direct speech into indirect speech, including examples and rules for statements, questions, and commands. It also highlights exceptions, such as when the reporting verb is in the present tense.

Uploaded by

Natododod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reported Speech

Or Indirect Speech
Reported speech is used to report or
reconvey words that have been
conveyed by other people.
He said
I’m he was Where’s
feeling feeling Tom ?
ill ill
“I travelled a lot in my job
yesterday”
Direct speech Indirect speech
• He said, “I travelled a lot • He said (that) he had
in my job yesterday”. travelled a lot in his job
• “I travelled a lot in my job the day before.
yesterday”, he said.
Changes from direct to
indirect/reported speech
• Personal pronouns (subject/object) and possessive
pronouns (kepunyaan)
• Tenses
• Demonstrative
• Adverbial of time and place
Changes of tenses
Direct speech Indirect speech
• SIMPLE PRESENT {Verb-1 • SIMPLE PAST (verb-2)
(+s/es)} • PAST PERFECT (had+verb-3/been)
• SIMPLE PAST (Verb-2) • PAST PERFECT (had+verb-3/been)
• PRESENT PERFECT (has/have + • PAST CONTINUOUS (was/were +
verb-3/been) verb-ing)
• PRESENT CONTINUOUS • PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (had +
(is/am/are + verb-ing) been + Verb-ing).
• PRESENT PERFECT CONT. • PAST FUTURE (would + Verb-1)
(has/have + been + verb-ing
• SIMPLE FUTURE ( will+verb-1
Tenses yang berubah tentu juga akan berpengaruh pada be,
auxiliary, dan modals yang digunakan dalam kalimat. Perhatikan
transformasinya dalam tabel berikut.
Direct Speech Indirect/Reported Speech
Am / Is Was
Are Were
Was / Were Had Been
Have Been Had Been
Had Been Had Been
Will Would
Must, Have To Had To
May (Permission) Could / Might
Shall Should / Would
May (Possibility) Might
Can Could

*note: Jika dalam direct speech digunakan modals bentuk lampau


seperti “could” atau “would”, maka bentuknya bisa tidak berubah dalam reported speech.
Changes of adverb (time and place) and demonstrative

No Direct Speech Indirect/Reported Speech


1 Yesterday The day before/the previous day
2. Last week The week before/the previous week
3 …days ago …days before
4 Now Then / At the time
5 Tonight That Night
6 Today That Day
The day after / The following
7 Tomorrow
day/the next day
8 Next week A week after / The following week
9 Here There
10 This That
11 These Those
1. Statement (affirmative/negative sentences)
Untuk kalimat yang berupa statement, biasanya ditandai dengan kata
kerja “tell/told” atau “say/said”. Selain itu, bisa juga digunakan kata kerja lain
seperti admit, suggest, advise, etc. Adapun untuk mengubah ke dalam reported
speech, biasanya digunakan “that” sebagai penghubung.
Direct Speech Indirect speech
• She said, “I have two cats in my • She said that she had two cats in her
house”. house.
• John told me, “My father gave me a • John told me that his father had given
new smart phone yesterday”. him a new smart phone the day before.
• They said, “we aren’t going to visit • They said that they weren’t going to visit
Borobudur tomorrow” Borobudur the next day.
STATEMENT Exception:
If the introductory sentence (reporting verb) is in the Present Tense, there won’t be any changes of tense in the
Reported speech .

Direct speech: Cindy says, “ I can be your good friend.”


Indirect speech: Cindy says that she can be my good friend.
2. Question
a. Yes/No question b. Information Questions
• Dalam bentuk ini, kita menggunakan “if” atau • Ciri dari bentuk kalimat ini adalah
“whether” untuk menghubungkan kalimat. penggunaan kata tanya what, who, where,
DS: The boy asked John, “Does Mary live near here?” when, why, which, whose, whom, how atau
- IS: The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
5W+1H. Untuk menghubungkan kalimat,
yang perlu dilakukan adalah
DS: The teacher asked her, “Have you finished your
memindahkan be/auxiliary/modals ke
homework ?”
belakang subject.
- IS: The teacher asked her if she had finished her
homework. DS: The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- IS: The man asked me where I lived.
DS: Mary asked me : “Did you see John at the party
last night?” DS: I asked him : “When did you get back from your
trip ?”
- IS: Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the
party the night before. - IS: I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
DS: The teacher asked him: “Do you bring your DS: John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
book?”
- IS: John asked the girl what her name was.
- IS: The teacher asked him whether he brought his
book. Note* DS: direct sentence/speech IS: Indirect
Sentence
3. Command
a. Positive Command b. Negative Command
• Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di
depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai
• Dalam perintah negatif kita
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan tambahkan not to di depan perintah
perintah yang dilaporkan. yang dilaporkan.

• Direct sentence: He asked me • Mary told John “Don’t wait for


“Open your book” me”
• Indirect sentence: He asked me to • Mary told John not to wait for
open my book. her.
• Direct sentence: John told Mary • Direct sentence: Tom warned me,
“Wait until I come” “Don’t use my car”
• Indirect sentence: John told Mary • Indirect sentence: Tom warned me
to wait until he comes. not to use his car.

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