DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & DATA

SCIENCE
YEAR ONE (1)
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
LECTURE WEEK IV
Understanding Computer Software
System software vs. application software
Software categories (productivity, media, utilities)
Software installation/uninstallation
Licensing (open-source vs. proprietary software)
Understanding Computer
Software

Software is a collection of
programs, data, and A program is a set of
Hence, software built using
instructions that enable a instructions or
multiple statements.
computer system and its programming statements.
hardware’s to do the tasks.

It is an important part of
For example, word-
modern computing and is A web browser enables the
processing software
classified into different user to view and share web
enables the user to create,
categories based on its pages and multimedia files.
edit and save documents.
capability and purpose.
Classificatio
n/Types of
Computer
Softwares
 Difference between Parameter
Definition
System Software
System Software is the type of software
Application Software
Application Software is the type of software

System Software and which is the interface between application which runs as per user request. It runs on
software and system. the platform which is provide by system
software.

Application Software Developmen In general, System software are

t Language
In case of Application software, high level
developed using low-level language which language is used for their development as
is more compatible with the system they are developed as some specific
hardware in order to interact with. purpose software.

Necessity System software are essential for Application software are not essential for
•Both system software and application operating the computer hardware. the operation of the computer. These are
Without these software, a computer even installed as per the user’s requirements.
software are essentially required for using may not start or function properly.
the computer. Usage System software is used for operating Application software is used by user to
computer hardware. perform specific task.

Installation System software are installed on the Application software are installed
•But they are completely different from each computer when operating system is according to user’s requirements.

other in many aspects like programing installed.

languages, purposes, development User

interaction
System software are specific to system
hardware, so less or no user interaction
Users can interact with an application
software with the help of a User Interface
processes, etc. available in case of system software. (UI).

Dependency System software can run independently. It An application software cannot run
provides platform for running application independently. It cannot run without the
software. presence of system software.

Examples Examples of system software include Examples of application software include

operating systems, compilers, word processors, web browsers, media
assemblers, debuggers, drivers, etc. players, etc.
 System Software

Software that enables a

An interface is needed because
computer to run and activates System software acts
hardware devices or machines
required hardware or other as interface between hardware
and humans speak in different
parts of a computer to run is and user applications.
languages.
called system software.

Based on its function, system

Machines understand only software is of four types −
binary language i.e. 0 (absence Software is required to convert • Operating System
of electric signal) and 1 all human instructions into
(presence of electric signal) machine understandable
• Language Processor
while humans speak in English, instructions. And this is exactly • Device Drivers
French, German, Tamil, Hindi what system software does.
and many other languages.
 System Software
Cont.…………..
System software in its scope of operation is not just
limited to operating systems as its basic functionality.

It performs many more basic functions in a computer

system.

Take, for instance, a game engine.

This computer program is one of many system examples.

A game engine is categorized as system software because

it provides the means for other application software
games and computer programs to function.
 System
Software Cont.
…………..
Language Processor
Are system software that convert all user instructions into machine
understandable language. When we talk of human machine interactions,
languages are of three types −

•Machine-level language − This language is nothing but a string of 0s and 1s

that the machines can understand. It is completely machine dependent.

•Assembly-level language − This language introduces a layer of abstraction

by defining mnemonics. Mnemonics are English like words or symbols used
to denote a long string of 0s and 1s.

• For example, the word "READ" can be defined to mean that computer
has to retrieve data from the memory.

•High level language − This language uses English like statements and is
completely independent of machines. Programs written using high level
languages are easy to create, read and understand.
System Software Cont.
…………..

Language Processor Cont.……….

Program written in high level programming languages like Java, C++, etc.
is called source code. Set of instructions in machine readable form is
called object code or machine code.

System software that converts source code to object code is called

language processor. There are three types of language interpreters −

• Assembler − Converts assembly level program into machine level

program.

• Interpreter − Converts high level programs into machine level

program line by line.

• Compiler − Converts high level programs into machine level

programs at one go rather than line by line.
 System Software Cont.…………..

Device Drivers

System software that controls and monitors functioning of a specific device

on computer is called device driver.

Each device like printer, scanner, microphone, speaker, etc. that needs to be
attached externally to the system has a specific driver associated with it.

When you attach a new device, you need to install its driver so that the OS
knows how it needs to be managed.
 Application software, sometimes known as "apps" or
"applications," is a type of software that is created for
certain tasks or functions such as productivity,
entertainment, communication, or other reasons.

Application Hence, software that performs a single task and

nothing else is called application software.
Application software is very specialized in their
function and approach to solving a problem.

Software
So spread sheet software can only do operations with
numbers and nothing else.

Application software, as opposed to system software

(such as operating systems and device drivers), is
designed to fulfil the needs and preferences of end
users.
Application Application software can
Software Cont. be described as
productivity programs.
………….

They double as
management tools as all
This software
their features ensure end
type is designed in various
users get the most value
types, each performing a
for their work while
specific task.
providing an easy-to-use
functioning environment.

Desktop, mobile, server,

and web applications are
common types of
application software.
 Application
Software Cont.
………….
The following are some
examples of common types of
application software −
•Productivity Software
•Graphics and Multimedia Software
•Communication Software
•Web Browsers
•Gaming Software
•Utility Software
•Education and E-Learning Software
•Health and Fitness Apps
•Financial Software
•Travel and Navigation Apps
 Software categories
(productivity,
media, utilities)
Productivity Software

Productivity software is computer programs

that help people create things like writing files,
data collections, pictures with information,
tables with numbers, and slide shows.

•These programs make it easier for people to

do their work tasks. Occasionally, productivity
software also contains programs that allow
people to work organized and talk to each
other.

•Generally, productivity software helps people

complete their work more easily.
Software categories
(productivity, media,
utilities) Cont.……….
Media Software
Media Software is application software designed to allow
users the necessary tools to create or store data as
multimedia files.

•Application software that fulfills these criteria is

categorized as multimedia application software.

•Although this application software comes pre-installed on

your computer system and various devices, it is not
system software as your device will continue to function
effectively with or without its use.

•VLC Media, MX Player, and Apple Logic Pro X are other

common examples of multimedia application software.
Software categories (productivity,
media, utilities) Cont.……….
Utility Software
Utility programs are examples of system software despite not being
software your computer system can operate on.

They are considered system software because they perform the basic
functions of system software to facilitate the computer system's
operations.
Utility software is intended to help users to manage and maintain their
computer systems, as well as optimize performance and execute different
system-related activities.
A typical example of a utility program that serves as a system software is
an antivirus.

These programmes are often used to assure the efficient operation of

hardware and software components and improve a computer system's
overall functionality and stability.

Thus, utility software is actually a cross between system software and

application software.
Utility Software Cont.………

Antivirus and Antimalware

Disk Partitioning and Driver Updaters − For
Software − These utilities
Management − Disc hardware compatibility and
Some common keep safe the computer against
Management (Windows) and performance, these
malicious software, spyware,
types of utility are and viruses, as well as other
GParted (Linux) are utilities programmes update out-dated
that enable users to create, or incompatible device drivers.
as − types of security threats.
resize, and manage partitions Examples are Driver Booster
Examples are Norton Antivirus,
on their hard drives. and Driver Easy.
McAfee, and Malwarebytes.

Password Managers − Users Firewall Utilities − A firewall

Data Encryption Software −
generate, store, and manage protects a computer or network
These utilities encrypt sensitive
complex, secure passwords by managing incoming and
data to protect it from
with password management outgoing network traffic.
unauthorized access. Examples
software. Examples are Examples are Windows Firewall
are BitLocker (Windows) and
LastPass, Dashlane, and and third-party firewall
FileVault (Mac).
1Password. solutions like ZoneAlarm.
 Open Source Software

Software whose source code is freely distributed with a license to study, change and
further distributed to anyone for any purpose is called open-source software.

Open-source software is generally a team effort where dedicated programmers improve

upon the source code and share the changes within the community.

Open-source software provides these advantages to the users due to its thriving
communities −
Interoperable
Flexible due to Localization
Security Affordability Transparent on multiple
customizations is possible
 What is Software Installation?
Software installation is the process of setting up a program or application on a
computer so that it becomes functional and ready to use.

When you install software, necessary files are copied to your computer's hard drive,
and configurations are made to ensure the program operates as expected within the
system's environment.

Steps for Software Installation:

Software Obtain the Software:

• Download the software from an official website or a trusted source.

installation/ • Alternatively, use a physical installation medium, such as a CD, DVD, or USB
drive.

uninstallation Check System Requirements:

• Ensure your computer meets the minimum system requirements specified by
the software.
• This includes checking the operating system, hardware specifications (e.g.,
RAM, processor), and storage space.

Run the Installer:

• Locate the installer file (e.g., setup.exe or install).
• Double-click the file to begin the installation process.

Follow the Installation Wizard:

• A series of on-screen prompts will guide you through the installation. Common
steps include:
• Agreeing to the license agreement or terms and conditions.
• Choosing the installation type (e.g., standard or custom).
• Selecting the installation directory (e.g., default location or a custom
folder).
 Software
installation/uninstallation

Steps for
Software Install Restart the
Complete the Launch the
Installation Additional
Installation:
System (if
Software:
Cont. Components: required):
…………….

Some software may require Once the files are Afterward, you may
see a confirmation Some software Open the installed
additional components (e.g., copied, the
screen stating that may require a application to
frameworks, libraries) for installer will
the installation is system restart to ensure it works
proper functionality. Follow configure the
complete. Click apply changes. correctly.
the prompts to install these. software.
“Finish.”
 Software
installation/uninstallation
What is Software Uninstallation?
Software uninstallation is the process of removing a program or application from a computer.
It deletes associated files, configurations, and registry entries to free up storage and system
resources.

Steps for Software Uninstallation:

Access the Control Panel (Windows) or Finder/Settings (macOS):

• On Windows: Open the Control Panel and go to "Programs" > "Programs and
Features."
• On macOS: Open the Finder or use the “Applications” folder.

Locate the Software:

• Find the program you want to uninstall from the list of installed applications.

Initiate the Uninstallation Process:

• On Windows: Select the program and click "Uninstall."
• On macOS: Drag the application icon to the "Trash" or use the "Uninstall" option (if
available).

Follow the Uninstallation Wizard:

• Similar to the installation process, follow the prompts to remove the software.
• Confirm your decision when prompted (e.g., “Are you sure you want to uninstall this
program?”).
 Steps for Software
Software installation/uninstallation Uninstallation Cont.
………………
Sometimes, leftover files
remain even after
uninstallation. Check the
installation directory and
Remove Residual delete residual files or
folders.
Files (if any): On Windows, use tools like
“Disk Cleanup” or a third-
party uninstaller to clean up
registry entries.

Restart the Some software requires a

System (if system restart to finalize the
uninstallation process.
required):

Ensure the software no longer

Verify Removal: appears in the list of installed
programs and that it is no
longer accessible.
 Open-source software is a type
What is Open- of program that can be utilized
by anyone and comes with a
Source source code that is not only
Software? freely licensed but also
unrestricted.

Licensing Richard Stallman, the man who

(open- established the Free Software
Foundation, was responsible for
In 1989, he authored and
distributed the GNU General
Public License to the public. This
source vs. the birth of open-source
software. He is widely regarded
as the founder of the free
is a free software licence, which
means anyone can use it

proprietary
without cost.
software movement.

software) The fact that Open-Source

Open-Source software allows for
collaboration between users,
software is developed through despite the fact that it may be
open collaboration is the subject to licensing restrictions.
defining feature of this type of That is, people can make
software. changes not only in its features
but also in its source code.
 Open-Source The Open-Source software
development model is
Software Cont. typically geared toward and
suitable for an open user

Licensing ……………….. community.

(open-
source vs. That is to say, this kind of
software is designed for a
large number of different
Here are some examples
of open source −
• Android

proprietary individuals who have a • FreeBSD (Berklee Software

fundamental understanding Distribution)
of programming and who • LibreOffice
• Ubuntu

software)
want to work together and
distribute either their own • GNOME
creations or the works of • Firefox
others.
Licensing (open-
source vs. proprietary
software)
What is Proprietary Software?
The term "proprietary software" refers to the category of software that
is protected by copyright laws and must be licensed before it can be
used.

•Most of the time, you have to pay for proprietary software.

•That is, you will have to pay for its license before you are allowed to
use it.

•The purpose of proprietary software is not to facilitate any form of

cooperative effort.

•It is developed purely for the purpose of being utilized by the

developer as well as any other users who have purchased a license to
do so.

•The access to proprietary software is restricted, in contrast to the

open nature of Open-Source software.

•It is only accessible to those who own it and those who were
responsible for its development.
Licensing (open-source vs. proprietary
software)
The degree of adaptability
offered by proprietary Copyright protection is
Proprietary Software There are limitations placed
software is significantly applied to proprietary
Cont.…………….. on how it can be utilized.
lower than that of open- software.
source software.

Here is a list of examples

of proprietary software −
Due to the fact that it is This software is not intended • Windows
In other words, whoever copyrighted, this software for use by the general
• Microsoft
initially created the source has a limited degree of public, but rather by a select
code is the owner of any adaptability. On the other number of individuals who • macOS
intellectual property rights hand, anyone, regardless of have purchased the rights to • Adobe Photoshop
associated with it. their level of expertise, can use it and who are the sole • Adobe Flash Player
use proprietary software. owners of the source code. • iTunes
 Basis of Open-Source Software Proprietary Software

Licensing (open- Comparison

Definition Software that is considered to be
"open source" is defined as
The term "proprietary software"
refers to the category of software

source vs. having a source code together

with a license that permits free
that is copyrighted for use and
possesses a licensed source code in

proprietary
use, modification, and distribution its whole.
of the software
Access The term "open access" refers to Only the people who created the

software)
the fact that anyone is able to software and those who have
use the software known as "open purchased a licence to use it are
source." able to use the proprietary software.

Flexibility Open source is adaptable; more The versatility of proprietary

specifically, it can be used, software is severely limited because
modified, and distributed by there are constraints placed on how
Software is an essential component anybody. it can be used.
that grants its users the ability to Collaborati Open collaboration is used in the The only people who should use
operate and carry out any on development of open source proprietary software are its inventor
designated activity. software. and those who have paid for it. It is
not intended for open collaboration.

Example  Android  Windows

The difference between open-source  FreeBSD (Berklee Software  Microsoft
software and proprietary software is Distribution)  macOS
 LibreOffice  Adobe Photoshop
a significant one in the software  Ubuntu  Adobe Flash Player
industry.  GNOME  iTunes
 Firefox
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

END OF
PRESNTATIO
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