THE

DISTANCE
FORMULA
Mathematical Concept

The distance between two points is always

positive. If the two points are C and D, then the
distance from C and D is the same as the
distance from D to C. Thus CD=DC.

Remember:

The distance or length between two points in a

number line, is the absolute value of the
difference of their coordinates.
Let us consider the figure below,
A B C D E F

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Example:
Find the length of the following:
|-5-(-1)|=|-5+1|=|-4|= 4
|1-5|=|-4|= 4
|5-10|=|-5|= 5
|-5-5|=|-10|= 10
|5-(-1) |=|5+1|= 6
|5-1|=|4|= 4
|10-1|=|9|= 9
|-1-10|=|-11|= 11
|10-5|=|5|= 5 Let us consider and and , they
|-5-10|=|-15|= 15 have the same distance. It
shows that you can subtract
from any direction.
Let us consider the points located in the coordinate plane

B ()

A () C ()

From the figure above, points A and B are connected by a

line. Then, lines are drawn from A which is parallel to the x-
axis and from B which is parallel to the y-axis. To find the
distance between A and B, Pythagorean Theorem is used,
wherein AB is the hypotenuse and the lines that are parallel
to the axis are the legs of the triangle.
Let us consider the points located in the coordinate plane

B ()

A () C ()

The lengths of the legs are,

AC=
BC= By PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM,
 The distance between the points A ( and

𝐴𝐵=√ ( 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
2 2

or
d
Example 1
Find the distance between the points whose
coordinates are (-3, 4) and the origin.
Solution:
() ()
(-3, 4) (0, 0)
Using the Distance Formula

d
d
d
Therefore, the
d distance between
(-3, 4) and the origin
d d is 5 units.
 Example 2
Find the distance between D (2, 2) and E (9,1).
Solution: () ()
(2, 2) (9, 1)
Using the Distance Formula

DE
DE DE

DE= √ (7) +(−1)

2 2 DE
DE Therefore, the distance
between D (2, 2) and E (9,1)
DE is units.
 Example 3
Find the distance between F ( and G (.

Solution: () ()
F ( G(
FG
Using the Distance Formula

FG FG
FG
FG
FG
Therefore, the distance between
FG F ( and G (is units.
Example 4 Solution:solve for
Find all points y:
(4, y) that are
𝐝 𝟐=( 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝒙 𝟏)𝟐 +( 𝒚 𝟐 − 𝒚 𝟏)𝟐
10 units
from the point
(–2, –1).

+ 2y + y2
Let (x1 , y1) = (4, y) and

100- + 2y + y2 -100
(x2 , y2) = (–2, –1).
 Find all
Solution points
: (4, y) that
are (4, 7)
10 units
from the
point
(–2, –1).
𝟎=( 𝐲 +𝟗)( 𝐲 −𝟕) factor
10 units
) 𝟎=( 𝐲 − 𝟕)
𝐨𝐫 solve for y (–2, –1)

𝐲 =− 𝟗𝐨𝐫𝐲 =𝟕 The 2
points are
(4, -9) and
(4, -9)
(4,7)
Example 5
Find the perimeter and area of triangle ABC whose vertices
are A (-5, 2), B (1, 9) and C (7, 2)
Solution:
Find AB, BC and AC using the distance formula
B(1,9)

A (-5,2) C (7,2)
 Example 5
Find the perimeter and area of ABC whose vertices are
A (-5, 2), B (1, 9) and C (7, 2)

Solution: Find AB, BC and AC using the distance formula

() () () () () ()
A (-5,2) B(1,9) B (1,9) C (7,2) A (-5,2) C (7,2)
AB BC AC
AB BC AC

AB BC AC

AB BC
AC
AB
BC AC
AB
 B(1,9)
AREA=bh
AB BC
BC

𝑨𝑪
A (-5,2) AC C (7,2) =𝟔
𝟐
To find the height use
Pythagorean Theorem

2 2 2
P= a + b+ c 𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏 A=bh
P= AB + BC+ AC ¿ A=
2
8 5=𝑎 +3 6
P+ 2
8 5 − 36=𝑎 A=
Punits 4 9=𝑎
2

A=
√ 49= √ 𝑎 2

7=𝑎
Example 6

Given: ΔABC with A(-1,-1), B(1,4) and C(3,-1)

Show that ΔABC is an Using the Distance Formula
isosceles triangle
d
B (1, 4) AB=

AB= AB= AB =
BC=

A (-1, -1) BC= BC= BC =

C (3, -1)
AC=

AC= AC= AC =

Since AB=BC then

Therefore, the triangle is isosceles because

it has two congruent sides.
Example 7

Given: ΔDEF with D(-3,3), E(3,3), F(0,-3)

Show:ΔDEF is NOT an Using the Distance Formula
equilateral triangle
d
D(-3, 3) E(3, 3) DE=

DE= AB= DE =
DF=

DF= BC= DF=

F(0, -3) EF=

EF= EF= = EF=

Since DE then

An equilateral triangle has three congruent sides. Since three sides

of this triangle are not congruent, this is NOT an equilateral triangle.
Exercises:
A. Determine the distance between the following points.
1. A(3, -2) ; B (8, 4) 1. units
2. C (-5, 2) ; D(-5, 7) 2. 5 units
3. E (-7, 6); F (0, 7) 3. 5 units
4. G (; H ( 4. units
5. (-9, -7) and the origin 5. units

6. Find the 2 points of the form (x, -4) that have the 6. (11, -4) and
same distance of 10 units from the point (3,2) (-5, -4)

B. Find the perimeter and area of rectangle RECT whose

vertices are R (6, -1); E (1, -1); C (6, 2) and T (1, 2)
RE= 5 units P = 2l + 2w A = lw
ET = 3 units P = 2(5) + 2(3) A = 5(3)
TC= 5 units P = 10 + 6
P = 16 units
A = 15
CR =3 units
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: DAY 1

A. Determine the distance between the following points.

1. A(-5, 3) ; B (3, -1)
2. C (2, -3) ; D(10,-3)
3. E (4, 0); F (0, 6)
4. G (; H (1
5. (4, 7) and the origin

6. Find the 2 points of the form (2, y) that have the same
distance of 5 units from the point (6, -1)

B. Find the perimeter and area of rectangle HANZ whose

vertices are H(, 4); A (, 4); N (, 17) and Z (, 17)
 DAY 2
SYNCHRON
OUS
CHECKING OF
INDEPENDENT
PRACTICE
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: DAY 1

A. Determine the distance between the following points.

1. A(-5, 3) ; B (3, -1) 1. 4 units
2. C (2, -3) ; D(10,-3) 2. 8 units
3. E (4, 0); F (0, 6) 3. 2 units
4. G (; H (1 4. units
5. (4, 7) and the origin 5. units

6. Find the 2 points of the form (2, y) that have the same 6. (2, -4) and
distance of 5 units from the point (6, -1) (2, 2)

B. Find the perimeter and area of rectangle HANZ whose

vertices are H(, 4); A (, 4); N (, 17) and Z (, 17)

HA= 9/2 units P = 2l + 2w A = lw

AN = 13 units P = 2(13) + 2(9/2) A = 13(9/2)
NZ= 9/2 units P = 26 + 9
A = 58.5
HZ =13 units P = 35 units
PLANE COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
 The Midpoint Formula
 The Coordinate Proof
OBJECTIVES:
1. derive the midpoint formula;
2. determine the midpoint between two points;
3. name the missing coordinates of the vertices
of some geometric figures;
4. write a coordinate proof to prove some
geometric relationships.
 THE
MIDPOINT
FORMULA
The midpoint makes use of the idea of an
average of two numbers, which is one-half
the sum of the numbers.

For example,

The average of 5 and 7 is

The average of 14 and -3 is

Consider the figure below,
A ()

M R

B () T C ()

The figure above shows a segment with an endpoint A () and B (). To find
the midpoint M, two lines parallel to the x-axis and two lines parallel to y-
axis are drawn such that C will have a coordinate (), MT||AC and BT=TC.

If BT=TC, then BT=

BM
Since MT||AC,
𝐵𝑀 𝐵𝑇
=
Therefore, M has the
𝐵𝐴 𝐵𝐶 coordinates , )
Hence by substitution,
 MIDPOINT
FORMULA
If A () and B () are any two points, then the
midpoint M of AB is the point

(,
Example 1

Find the midpoint of the line joining (2, 5) and (-4, -3).

Solution:
() ()
(2,5) (-4,-3)
(,

(,

(,
Therefore, the midpoint of
(-1, the line joining (2, 5) and (-4,
-3) is (-1,1).
Example 2
The coordinates of the endpoints of What is the coordinate of
its midpoint?

Solution:
() ()
( − 8 , 4 ) ( 4 ,−7 )
(,

(,

(,
Therefore, the coordinates of
(-2, the midpoint of is (-2, .
 Example 3

If one of the endpoints of a line segment is (3, 5) and the

midpoint is (-2, 7), find the coordinates of the other endpoint.

Solution: ()
coordinates of the midpoint
()
coordinates of one of the endpoints

(,

=, Substitute the given

= -2,
Therefore, the
= -4, coordinates of the other
= -4-3, endpoint is (-7, 9).
= -7,
Exercises:
A. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the given points on the
coordinate plane.
1. (4, 7) and (5, 11) 1. (
2. (4, -6) and (6, -2) 2. (5, -4)
3. (6, -6) and (-4, 0) 3. (1, -3)
4. (, and (, 4. ()
5. (, and (, 5. ()

B. Complete the table by providing the missing coordinates.

Coordinates of the Coordinates of point A Coordinates of point B
midpoint of AB
1. (0, 3) (0, -5) (0, 11)
2. (-13, -5) (-18, -7) (-8, -3)
3. (4, -6) (-9, 1) (17, -13)
4. (-8, 4) (-14, 12) (-2, -4)
5. (, 1)
THE COORDINATE
PROOF
Do you know that coordinate plane can be used in proving
various theorems in geometry? This method of proving is
called COORDINATE PROOF.

COORDINATE PROOF is a
proof that uses figures on a
coordinate plane to prove
geometric properties.
An easier way of proving theorems in geometry is by
means of placing a given geometric figure in a proper
position on coordinate axes.

Look at the squares on the coordinate axes. Which

position of the square would be most convenient in
writing a proof about a square?

(a,d)
(a,c) (b,c) (0,a) (a,a)
(0,b) (c,b)

(a,0) (0,0)
(b,0) (a,0) (a,0)

Figure 1 Figure 2
Figure 3
These are the most convenient ways of placing special
figures on the coordinate axes.

Q
C

O A M N

is a right triangle. is an isosceles triangle.

is a right angle. .
These are the most convenient ways of placing special
figures on the coordinate axes.

R S
B

O
S O T

is a scalene triangle. ROTS is a parallelogram.

. S can be named .
These are the most convenient ways of placing special
figures on the coordinate axes.

M N A B

O P O C

MOPN is a rectangle. OABC is an isosceles trapezoid.

N can be named (b,c). B can be named .
Notice that these positions
on the axes maximize the
number of times zero is a
coordinate of the vertex.
of the vertex
of a
geometric
figure
without
introducing
any new
letters?
Example
Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.
HANZ is a parallelogram
Solution:
, c) (a) Find the midpoint between H and N
H (b, c) A (?, ?)
Given: H (b, c) and N (a,0)

(,

(, Midpoint bet. H and N = (,

Z (0, 0) N (a, 0)

(b) Find the coordinates of A using the

midpoint between H and N
=
Given: Z (0, 0) Midpoint bet. H and N = (,
=

=
=,
Therefore the coordinates of A is
=, (, c) or , c)
Theorems and properties of
the different geometric
figures previously learned
can be used in finding the
coordinates of the vertex.
 TEST YOURSELF
Supply the missing coordinates of point B without
introducing new letters.

(𝟎 , 𝒎) B
( 𝒂 , 𝒃) B

O (𝒄 ,𝟎) O ( 𝒂 , 𝟎)

Parallelogram Square

𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 :(𝒂 +𝒄 , 𝒃) 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 : (𝒂 ,𝒎)

Supply the missing coordinates of point B without
introducing new letters.

B ( 𝒂 , 𝒃)
(𝒂 , 𝒅 )

O B (− 𝒂 , 𝟎) ( 𝒂 , 𝟎)

Equilateral Triangle Square

𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 : (𝟐 𝒂 , 𝟎)
𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 : (− 𝒂 , 𝒃)
Supply the missing coordinates of point B without
introducing new letters.

(− 𝒗 , 𝒘 ) B
B (𝒃 , 𝒄)

O ( 𝒂 , 𝟎) O (𝒖 , 𝒐)

Isosceles Trapezoid
Parallelogram

𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 :(𝒂 − 𝒃 , 𝒄)
𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 : (𝒖 − 𝒗 , 𝒘 )
 ARE YOU
READY TO
PROVE
THEOREMS
USING THE
COORDINATE
PROOF?
Here are some suggestions to help you
place figures for your proofs.
1. Use the origin of the coordinate
plane as a vertex or center.
2. Place at least one side of the given
polygon on a coordinate axis, either
the x-or y-axis.
3. Place the figure within the first
quadrant.
TAKE NOTE: The distance
formula, slope and midpoint are
the common mathematical
concepts that are being used in
coordinate proof.
Example 1
Prove that the diagonals of a square are congruent.

Given: ABCD with diagonals AC and BD

Prove
To prove:
a. Place ABCD on a coordinate plane and label it.
Solution: b. (a) Find the distance between A and C
A (0, b) B (a, b) A (0, b) and C (a,0)
d
AC=

AC=

D C (a, 0) (b) Find the distance between B and D

Since AC= and BD= then AC=BD. B (a, b) and D (0,0)

Therefore . The diagonals of a BD=
square are congruent.
BD=
Example 2. Prove that in any triangle, the line segment joining the
midpoints of two sides of the triangle is parallel to the third side.
Proof:
C
Consider Let D be the midpoint of AC
and let E be the midpoint of BC. We
D E
need to show that DE is parallel to
AB.
A B
The coordinates of D are

While the coordinates of E are

The slope of DE is

The slope of AB is

Since DE and AB have equal slopes, then

they are parallel.
 EXERCISE
S: the coordinate proof.
Prove the following using
Prove the following using the coordinate proof.
1. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is
equidistant from the vertices.
2. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent.
1. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equidistant
from the vertices.

Prove: OP=PA=PC
Since P is midpoint of AC then PA=PC
Solution: O (0, 0) and P () A (0, b) and P ()

d AP=
A
OP=
P() AP=

OP=
O C AP=

OP=
AP=
AP=
OP= OP=

P () and C (a, 0) PC=

Since OP=,AP=, PC=. Therefore,
midpoint of the hypotenuse of a PC= PC=
right triangle is equidistant from the
vertices.
PC= PC=
PC=
2. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Prove:
If , then PR=QS
Solution:
d

PR=
𝑷 (− 𝒃, 𝒄) Q
PR=

PR=
S O R

QS=

QS=

QS=

QS=
Since PR=and QS=. Therefore .
Hence, the diagonals of an isosceles
trapezoid are congruent
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: DAY 2
A. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the given points on the
coordinate plane.
1. (9, -2) and (-6, -8)
2. (4, 8) and (-7, 2)
3. (7, -7) and (-9, -7)
4. (- , and (,
5. (, and (,

B. Complete the table by providing the missing coordinates.

Coordinates of the Coordinates of point A Coordinates of point B
midpoint of AB
1. (-2, 3) (3, -7)
2. (7, 7) (-9, -7)
3. (-3, 5) (0, 0)
4. (-3, 7) (7, -4)
5.
C. Write the coordinate proof of the following:

1. The median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is half the

hypotenuse.

D. Given: ΔABC with A(1, 3), B(-3,1) and C(5,-5)

Show : ΔABC is scalene

E. Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.

ΔHAR is a right triangle H (0, 2b)

with right ∠HRA. T is a
midpoint of .

T (?, ?)

R (0, 0) A (2a, 0)
Weekly Home
Learning Task
● 1. Determine the distance between A(7, -4) ; B (11, -9).
2. Determine the distance between C (-5, -2) ; D(5, -7).

3. Determine the distance between E (5, 1); F (-2, 1).

4. Determine the distance between G (7/11, 2/3);

H (3/11, 1/3)

5. Determine the distance between (3, -5) and the origin

6. Find the value of x if the distance between the points

(7, 5) and (x, -3) is 10 units.
● 7. Find the perimeter of the indicated polygon. Rectangle
RYTS whose vertices are R (−11/3, 4); Y (5/6, 4); T (5/6,
17) and S (−11/3, 17)
8. Find the area of the indicated polygon. Rectangle whose
vertices are R (−11/3, 4); Y (5/6, 4); T (5/6, 17) and S
(−11/3, 17)
9. Find the coordinates of the midpoint between (9, 1) and
(-6, -7)
10. Find the coordinates of the midpoint between (-4, 8) and
(7, 2)
11. Find the coordinates of the midpoint between (7, 7) and
(-9, -7)

12. Find the coordinates of the midpoint between (5/7, 2/3)

and (3/7, 1/3)
● 13. Find the coordinates of the midpoint between (7/11,
2/9) and (3/11, 1/3)
14. If one of the endpoints of a line segment is (-2, -4)and
the midpoint (-8, 4), find the coordinates of the other
endpoint.
15. If one of the endpoints of a line segment is (0, 0) and
the midpoint (-3, 5), find the coordinates of the other
endpoint.
16. If one of the endpoints of a line segment is (1/9, 1/5) and
the midpoint (2/9, 3/5), find the coordinates of the other
endpoint.

17.Point L is the midpoint of KM. Which of the following is

true about the distances among K, L and M?
● 18. The coordinates of the vertices of a square are H(3,
8), I (15, 8), J(15, -4) and K (3,-4). What is the length of the
diagonal of the square?
19. Given the quadrilateral ABCD as shown, find the
length of side AD?

20. Find the length of side DC of quadrilateral ABCD.

● 21. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. What are the
coordinates of point C?

22. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. What are the

coordinates of point D?
THANK YOU!!!!!
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: DAY 2
A. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the given points on the
coordinate plane.

(𝟑/𝟐, -5)
1. (9, -2) and (-6, -8)
(-𝟑/𝟐, 𝟓)
1.
2. (4, 8) and (-7, 2)
2.
3. (7, -7) and (-9, -7)
(-1/𝟕, 𝟏/𝟐)
3. (−1, -7)
4. (- , and (,
4.
5. (, and (,
5. (-2/11, 5/18)

B. Complete the table by providing the missing coordinates.

Coordinates of the Coordinates of point A Coordinates of point B
midpoint of AB
1. (-2, 3) (3, -7) (-7, 13)
2. (7, 7) (23, 21) (-9, -7)
3. (-3, 5) (0, 0) (-6, 10)
4. (-3, 7) (-13, 18) (7, -4)
5. (1/3, 1)
C. Write the coordinate proof of the following:

1. The median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is half the

hypotenuse.

D. Given: ΔABC with A(1, 3), B(-3,1) and C(5,-5)

Show : ΔABC is scalene

E. Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.

ΔHAR is a right triangle H (0, 2b)

with right ∠HRA. T is a
midpoint of .

T (?, ?)

R (0, 0) A (2a, 0)
C1. The median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is half the
hypotenuse.
Prove:

Solution: d

MC= LG=

𝑳 (𝟎 , 𝒃) M() MC= LG=

MC= LG =
C G

MC=

MC=

Since MC=and LG = . Therefore . MC=

Hence, the median to the
hypotenuse of a right triangle is half
the hypotenuse.
D. Given: ΔABC with A(1, 3), B(-3,1) and C(5,-5)
Show : ΔABC is scalene

Solution: d

𝐴𝐵=√ (−3 −1)2 +(1− 3)2 BC

𝐴𝐵=√ (− 4)2 +(−2)2 BC

𝐴𝐵=√ 16 +4 𝐵𝐶=√ 64 +36 AC

AC
𝐴𝐵= √ 20 BC

𝐴𝐵=2 √ 5 BC10 𝐴𝐶=√ 16+ 64

AC

𝐴𝐶 = 4 √ 5
Since then triangle is scalene.
E. Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.

ΔHAR is a right triangle H (0, 2b)

with right ∠HRA. T is a
midpoint of .
T (a, b)
T (?, ?)
(,

(,
A (2a, 0)
R (0, 0)
(,

(,