BUSINESS DATA MANAGEMENT

What is Data Management?

“Data management is the practice of collecting, organizing, protecting and
storing an organization’s data so it can be analyzed for business decisions.”
Electronic filing systems where data is stored in a way that allows for efficient
retrieval and manipulation.
Databases help businesses systematically organize and store
vast amounts of data.
For example, a retail company can maintain a customer
database that organizes customer information, purchase
history, and preferences.
A company might identify sales trends or customer preferences, allowing them
to make strategic decisions about inventory or marketing efforts
Data Management Subject Areas
Peter Aiken developed the DMBOK pyramid

Based on the functional areas defined

by the DAMA Wheel, Peter Aiken
developed the DMBOK pyramid that
defines the relation between those
functional areas. From the DMBOK
pyramid, we can see the top of the
pyramid is the golden function that is
the most value-added for the business
What is Data Governance?

Rules, Processes and Accountability that allow the

organization to better manage the availability, usability,
security and integrity of the corporate data sources.
● Tip - Think about it as bringing data under control and
keeping it secure and consistent.
Example
Imagine a hotel chain, Sunny Stays Hotels, that operates in multiple cities. They collect guest data, such as
names, contact details, booking history, and preferences.
Without Data Governance:
Different hotel branches store guest information in different formats.
Some branches collect unnecessary personal details, creating privacy risks.
Employees access guest data freely, leading to potential misuse.
Inconsistent records cause confusion—one guest may appear as "John Doe" in one branch and "J. Doe" in
another.
With Data Governance:
A standard system ensures all branches store guest details in the same format.
Only authorized employees can access customer information.
The company follows privacy laws (like GDPR) to protect customer data.
Data is regularly checked for accuracy, preventing duplicate or incorrect records.
 What is Data Architecture
“Data architecture is a set of rules, policies, standards and models
that govern and define the type of data collected and how it is
used, stored, managed and integrated within an organization and
its database systems.

It provides a formal approach to creating and managing the flow of

data and how it is processed across an organization’s IT systems and
applications”
What is Data Architecture
Example
Imagine StarFoods, a restaurant chain with locations in multiple cities. They collect and use data from
customers, suppliers, and employees.
Without a Clear Data Architecture:
Each restaurant branch stores customer orders, inventory, and employee schedules in different
systems. Some branches use spreadsheets, others use paper records, causing confusion.
Managers struggle to get real-time sales or inventory reports because data is scattered.
Duplicate or missing data leads to incorrect business decisions.
With a Well-Designed Data Architecture:
Centralized Database – All branches store data in a single system.
Cloud-Based System – Managers can access real-time reports from anywhere.
Integrated Systems – Point-of-sale (POS), inventory, and employee records are linked.
Data Flow Rules – Data moves smoothly from order processing to inventory updates.
What is Data Modeling
“Data modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of
either a whole information system or parts of it to communicate
connections between data points and structure.
The goal is to illustrate the types of data used and stored within the
system, the relationships among these data types, the ways the
data can be grouped and organized and its formats and attributes.”

Imagine FitGear, an online store selling fitness products. The

company needs a structured way to organize its data, so they use
data modeling to design their database.
Example: FitGear, an online store selling fitness products
Step 1: Identify Key Entities (Main Data Categories)
FitGear deals with: Customers (who buy products)
Products (items available for sale)
Orders (purchases made by customers)
Step 2: Define Attributes (Details of Each Entity)
Customer: Customer ID, Name, Email, Phone Number
Product: Product ID, Name, Price, Stock Quantity
Order: Order ID, Customer ID, Product ID, Order Date, Total Amount
Step 3: Establish Relationships (How Data is Connected)
A Customer can place many Orders → One-to-Many relationship
An Order can include many Products → Many-to-Many relationship
Each Product belongs to one or more Orders
 What is Data Storage and
Operations

“Data storage and Operations includes the design, implementation,

and support of stored data, to maximize its value throughout its
lifecycle, from creation/acquisition to disposal”

Two sub-activities:
1. Database support
2. Database technology support
Benefits of good Data Storage Strategy
1. Reduce capital expenses
2. Reduce operational expenses
3. Easier data management
4. Optimized resource utilization
5. Easier scalability
6. Better performance
7. Better user experience
What is Data Security

“Data Security is the process of protecting digital

information from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft
throughout its entire lifecycle.”
 Why is Data Security important
The average total cost of a ransomware breach is $4.62 million, slightly higher than the average data
breach of $4.24 million (IBM)
● The average per record (per capita) cost of a data breach increased by 10.3 percent from 2020 to
2021 (IBM)
● The average cost of a breach with a lifecycle over 200 days is $4.87 million (IBM)
● 39 percent of costs are incurred more than a year after a data breach (IBM)
● In 2021, the United States was the country with the highest average total cost of a data breach was at
$9.05 million (IBM)
● 34 percent of data breaches in 2018 involved internal actors (Verizon)
● It took an average of 287 days to identify a data breach (IBM).
What is Data Integration

“Data Integration is the process of consolidating data from

different sources into one, unified view for efficient data
management”
Example of Data Integration
What is Document & Content Management
“Document & Content management is the process of establishing
planning, implementation and control activities for lifecycle
management of data and information found in any form or medium -
outside of relational databases”
Document Management (DMS): Focuses on handling structured
documents like reports, contracts, and policies. It ensures easy
access, version control, and security.
Content Management (CMS): Deals with a broader range of content,
including websites, blogs, multimedia, and social media. It helps
businesses create, publish, and manage content effectively.
Why do we need Document &
Content Management?
 What is Master Data

DAMA Guide to Data Management Body of Knowledge: “Master Data

represents data about the business entities that provide context for
business transactions”

Gartner: “Master Data is the consistent and uniform set of identifiers

and extended attributes that describes the core entities of the
enterprise including customers, prospects, citizens, suppliers, sites,
hierarchies and chart of accounts”
What is Reference Data
DAMA Guide to Data Management Body of Knowledge:
“Reference data is data used to
classify or categorize other data”
Examples of Reference Data:
● Postal codes
● Language codes Reference Data helps categorize and validate Master Data. For example:
✅ A new customer in the UK will have a country code "UK" assigned based on
● Customer segments Reference Data.
✅ A product priced in USD will use the currency code "USD" from Reference
Data.
● Country codes
● Cost centers
Master Data vs Reference Data
 What is Master Data Management
(MDM)
Master Data Management is the process of creating and
maintaining a single master record - or single source of truth - for
each person, place, and thing in a business.
Through MDM, organizations gain a trusted, current view of key
data that can be shared across the business and used for better
reporting, decision-making, and process efficiency.
These data points are essential for running the business. If a
customer places an order, the system needs to access Master Data
(e.g., customer details, product inventory, supplier information).
What is Metadata
Metadata is data that provides information about other data”
What is Metadata Management?

It is the portfolio of best-practice processes and technologies that

allow businesses to manage this data about their data and
derive insights for more effective data management.
It allows users of all kinds – business, technical, and operational
– to search for, understand, and securely access the data they
need to do their jobs.
What is Data Quality?
What is Data Warehousing and
Business
Intelligence
“Data warehousing is the secure electronic storage of information by
a business or other organization. The goal of data warehousing is to
create a collection of historical data that can be retrieved and
analyzed to provide useful insight into the organization's operations.

Data warehousing is a vital component of business intelligence. That

wider term encompasses the information infrastructure that modern
businesses use to track their past successes and failures and inform
their decisions for the future.
What is a Data Warehouse (DW/DWH)

Data Warehouse (DW or DWH), and sometimes also

referred to as Enterprise
Data Warehouse (EDW) is a central repository of integrated
data from one or more different sources.
Data Warehouses are used to store current and historical
data in one single place.
Data Warehouse
vs Database
What is Business Intelligence

“Business intelligence (BI) leverages software and services

to transform data into actionable insights that inform an
organization’s strategic and tactical business decisions.”
Business Intelligence vs
Business Analytics
“The primary distinction between business intelligence and
business analytics is the focus on when events occur.

Business intelligence is focused on current and past events

that are captured in the data.
Business analytics is focused on what's most likely to
happen in the future.”
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What is a Database?