ROBOTIC DESIGN

AIE 351
Lec. 1
By

Dr. Safa Ahmed Elaskary

Faculty of Engineering
 Introduction to Robotics

Nowadays, several engineering students are showing a lot of

interest in robotic projects. They create a lot of interest as
compared to other electronics projects. In education level, these
projects on robotics are very popular, they are line following robot,
pick and place robot, fire fighting, wall track, humanoid, and
Hexapod, etc
 What is
?a Robot
 When we think of a robot, the first thing
that comes to our mind is that it is a
machine that imitates a human.
 But in real terms, there is no standard
definition for a robot.
 However, there are some fundamental
characteristics that a robot must have – for
instance: sensing, movement, energy, and
intelligence.
 Some robots can do work by themselves
and perform certain tasks, whereas other
robots need intervention ‫دخل‬+‫ ت‬and help from
human beings.
 Robots are used in many applications like
medical, space communication, and military
applications.
 A Robotic is

:An electromechanical device that is

 Reprogrammable
 Multifunctional
 Sensible for environment
 Manipulation‫ تحكم‬robotic
system is classified into three types

 Autonomous controlled
robots
 Remote controlled robots
 Manually controlled
robots.
1.Autonomous
Robotic System
 Robotic ‫مستقل‬Autonomous
System

Non-
Programma
programma Adaptive Intelligent
ble
ble
A programmable robot is a first This robot is one of the basic
generation robot with an actuator types of robot, in fact, a non-
facility on each joint. The robots can programmable robot is not even
considered as a robot, but is an
be reprogrammable based on the
exploiter lacking reprogrammable
kind of application they are ‫يفتقر الي اعادة‬controlling device
commissioned to. The function and .‫البرمجة‬
application of the robots can be
The mechanical arms used in
changed by reprogramming after the industries are some of the
robot is programmed once to examples of these types of robots
perform a function in the given wherein the robots are generally
pattern and fixed sequence. The attached to the programmable
main drawback of this autonomous devices used in industries for
robot is that once programmed it mass production as shown in the
persists operation even if there is a .figure
need to change its task (in the event These types of robots find
of emergency). These robots can be applications in some of the
used in different applications like devices including path guiders
mobile robotics, industrial and medical products’ carriers
 Intelligent robots, as the name
Adaptive robots are also industrial
suggests, are the most intelligent
robots that can be adapted of all the other types of robots with
sensors and microprocessors for
independently to various ranges in
storing and processing the data.
the process. However, these robots These robots performance is highly
efficient due to their situation-
are more sophisticated than
based analyzing and task
programmable robots. These can performing abilities. Intelligent
robots can sense the senses like
be adapted up to a certain extent,
pain, smell and taste and are also
and after evaluation they can capable of vision and hearing, and
– in accordance, perform the
perform the action required in that
actions and expressions like
adapted area. These robots are .emotions, thinking and learning
mostly equipped with sensors and These robots find their applications
in the fields like medical, military
control systems
 Remote.2
Controlled
robotics
• Remote-controlled robotics refers
to robots that are operated from a
distance by a human operator
rather than functioning
autonomously or through pre-
programmed actions.
• The operator uses a remote control
device, which can be a simple
handheld controller, a computer, or
even a smartphone app, to send
commands to the robot. These
commands control the robot's
movements, actions, and other
 Manually
Controlled
Robotics

Manually controlled robotics refers to robotic systems

that require human intervention for their operation.
Unlike autonomous robots, which can perform tasks
without human input after being programmed, manually
controlled robots are directly operated by a person. This
control can be exerted through various interfaces like
joysticks, buttons, or computer programs wherein the
operator issues direct commands that the robot
.executes
 Advantages of Robots
 Robots helps us in many ways.
 It can lift heavy loads.
 It can also do minor surgery.
 Disadvantages of Robots
 It costs legs and arms.
 Robots need a continuous supply of power
 People can lose their jobs.
 Maintenance and repair are expensive.
 Laws of Robotics
: First Law
,A robot may not injure a human being, or
through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm, unless this would violate a
higher order law

:Second Law
A robot must obey orders given it by human
beings, except where such orders would
conflict with a higher order law

: Third Law
A robot must protect its own existence as
 What are the parts
?of a robot
1. Manipulator
2. Pedestal
3. Controller
4. End Effectors
5. Power Source
Manipulator .1

• Base
• Appendages‫ملحقات‬
-Shoulder
-Arm
-Grippers
Pedestal.2
)Human waist(
• Supports the
manipulator.
• Acts as a
counterbalance.
Controller.3
)The brain(
• Issues instructions to
the robot.
• Controls peripheral
devices.
• Interfaces with robot.
• Interfaces with
humans.
End Effectors.4
)The hand(
• Spray paint
attachments
• Welding attachments
• Vacuum heads
• Hands
• Grippers
Power Source.5
)The food(
• Electric ‫طاقة كهربية‬
• Pneumatic ‫طاقة‬
‫هوائية‬
• Hydraulic ‫طاقة‬
‫كهرومائية‬
Robot Application

1. Machine loading
2. Pick and place operations
3. Welding
4. Painting
5. Sampling
6. Assembly operation
7. Manufacturing
8. Surveillance
9. Medical applications
10.Assisting disabled individuals
11.Hazardous environments
12.Underwater, space, and remote locati
 Explore faraway
places
Robots play an important role in exploring
remote places that are difficult for humans to
.reach
 Carrying out
dangerous tasks
:Examples
Fire extinguishing )1
operations that result
in the leakage of toxic
.gases

Search for and )2

destroy explosives
.and bombs

Dealing with )3
.radioactive materials

Sterilize places )4
contaminated
with infectious
diseases or
 Military and security
applications

• Monitoring and exploration operations by .

providing them with cameras and sensors.
• Spying operations by providing them with spy
• cameras and eavesdropping devices.
• Combat operations if equipped with combat
Robot and the world
of entertainment
Thank you