WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU ASK FOR

HELP?

TO WHOM DID YOU ASK FOR HELP?

WHY DID YOU ASK FOR HELP?

 Module 2
DISCIPLINES OF COUNSELING

This module helps you understand the basic concepts of

the counseling. You will be guided to help you achieve
deeper understanding on the goals and scope of
counseling.
Counseling – For Michael S. Nystul (2003 - is a
licensed psychologist and school
psychologist.He has worked in a variety of
clinical settings such as schools, hospitals,
community) defined it as basically an art and
a science wherein you endeavor to weigh the
objective and subjective facets of the
counseling process.
 Counseling
As an Art, is the subjective dimension of
counseling. It upholds a flexible and creative
process whereby the counselor modifies the
approach to meet the developing needs of the
clients.

As a Science, on the other hand, is the

objective dimension of the counseling process.
 Counseling

is a discipline that is involved in the provision of

advice or guidance in decision-making especially in
emotionally significant situations. It is a avenue
where trustworthy experts help clients explore and
understand their worlds and so discover better ways
of thinking and living.
 What is the purpose of Counseling?

The ultimate aim of counseling is to enable the

client to make their own choices, reach their own
decisions and act on them
 Goals of Counseling
1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or
advancing the clients human growth and
development including social, personal, emotional,
cognitive, and physical wellness.

2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some

undesired outcome. E.g. failing grades,

3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and

abilities
 Goals of Counseling
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome
and treat an undesirable development

5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of

skills, trying new and different activities, etc.

6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing,

that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is
fine
 Goals of Counseling
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic
foundation of learning and cognitive skills

8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic

understanding and habits for good health

9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good

social interaction skills, learning emotional control,
and developing positive self – concept
List of counseling goals, some of which are
enhancement of the above goals.
GOAL DESCRIPTION
Insight Understanding of the origins and development of emotional
difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take rational
control over feelings and actions

Relating with others Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and
satisfying relationships with other people: for example ,
within the family or workplace

Self- awareness Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had
been blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate
sense of how self is perceived by others
Self- acceptance The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked
by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had
been the subject of self- criticism and rejection

Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an

integration of previously conflicting parts of self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual
awakening

Problem- Solving Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had
not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem – solving

Psychological Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with

Education which to understand and control behavior
Acquisition of Social Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills
Skills such as maintenance of eye contact , turn taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control

Cognitive change The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or mal

adaptive thought patterns associated with self- destructive
behavior

Behavior change The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self

destructive patterns of behavior

Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that social systems
operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and knowledge that will enable
to client to take control of his or her own life

Restitution Helping the client to make amends for previousdestructive

behavior

Generality Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for others and
pass on knowledge and to contribute to the collective good
through political engagement
 NEEDS FOR COUNSELING

1. To help in the total development of the student:

Along with the intellectual development proper
motivation and clarification of goals and ideas to
pupils in conformity with their basic potentialities
and social tendencies are important total
development of the student.
2. To help in the proper choices of courses

3. To help in the proper choices of carvers

4. To help in the students in vocational development

5. To develop readiness for choices and changes to

face new challenges
 BENEFITS OF COUNSELING
• Improved communication and interpersonal skills

• Greater self-acceptance and self-esteem

• Ability to change self defeating behaviors/habits

• Better expression and management of emotions,

including anger
• Relief from depression, anxiety or other mental
health conditions

• Increased confidence and decision-making skills

• Ability to manage stress effectively

• Improved problem-solving and conflict resolution

abilities
 SCOPE OF COUNSELING

The scope and field of counseling has

widened as the human problems are wide in
range. Broadly, the scope of counseling
includes individual counseling, marital and
premarital counseling, family counseling, and
community counseling.
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING
• Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent
relationships, peer relationships
• Anxiety
• Anger management
• Children’s concerns within the family unit, sibling
relationships, school experiences, peer relationships
• Depression
• Family of origin dynamics and issues
• Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality
• Relationships: personal and interpersonal
dynamics
• Sexual abuse recovery
• Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions
• Singles: single, newly single, single through
divorce or being widowed
• Spirituality
• Stress management
• Workplace stress and relationships
• Young adult: identity, relationships, vocation
 MARITAL AND PRE-MARITAL
COUNSELLING

• Marital and relational dynamics

• Extended family relationships

• Fertility issues
 FAMILY COUNSELLING
• Adolescent and child behaviors within family
dynamics
• Adult children
• Divorce and separation issues and adjustment
• Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict,
communication
• Family of origin / extended family issues
• Life stages and transitions
 Roles and Functions of Counselors
The Republic Act 9258 or the Guidance and
Counseling Act of 2004 recognizes the important
role of guidance counselors in nation-building as it is
embodied in Sec. 3, of the same Act. There are also
authors like Gibson and Mitchell (2003) who
enumerated theroles and functions of a counselor.
Hence, this module introduces you to the work of a
counselor and his/her importance in the school
setting.
 Vocabulary List: (DISCOVER
CONCEPTS)

• To give you a solid understanding of specific concepts

along with roles and functions of a counselor, here are
some important terms you should bear in mind before
proceeding with the mental stretching activity,
• Guidance Counselor is a natural person who has
been registered and issued a valid Certificate of
Registration and a valid Professional Identification
Card by the Professional Regulatory Board of
Guidance and Counseling and the Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC) in accordance with
this Act and by virtue of specialized training
performs for a fee, salary or other forms of
compensation, the functions of guidance and
counseling under Section 3(a) of this Act.
• Roles and Functions refer to a specific character or
position counselors play in the exercise of the
profession while functions refer to the job
description or responsibilities and obligations
associated with the roles of counselors.
 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF
COUNSELORS
• Gibson and Mitchell (2003) defined counselor functions as
guidance activities, and comprised a list of ten activities that serve
as a guideline for the overall function of guidance counselors

1. Individual Assessment - Seeks to identify the

characteristics and potential of every client;
promotes the client’s self-understanding and assisting
counselors to understand the client better
2. Individual Counseling- Considers as the core activity
through which otheractivities become meaningful. It is a
client–centeredprocess that demand confidentiality.
Relationship is established between counselor and client.

3. Group Counseling and Guidance - Groups are

means of providing organized and plannedassistance to
individuals for an array of needs.Counselor provides
assistance through groupcounseling and group guidance
4. Career Assistance - Counselors are called on to
provide career planning and adjustment assistance to
clients.

5. Placement and Follow-up - A service of school

counseling programs with emphasis one educational
placements in course and programs

6. Referral - It is the practice of helping the clients find

needed expert assistance that the referring counselor
cannot provide
7. Consultation- It is the process of helping a client
through a third party or helping system improve its service
to its clientele

8. Research- It is necessary to advance the profession of

counseling; it can provide empirically based data, relevant
to the ultimate goal of implementing effective counseling
• 9. Evaluation and Accountability- Evaluation is a
means of assessing the effectivenessof counselor’s
activities. Accountability is an outgrowth of demand that
schools and other tax-supportedinstitutions be held
accountable for their actions

• 10. Prevention- This includes promotion of mental

health through primary prevention using a social –
psychologicaL perspective.
COUNSELING AND IT’s WORK SETTING
1. Counselors in Schools – According to Gibson and Mitchell
(2003), counselors are recognized especially in the preventive
interventions and developmental stage.
There are elementary school counselors, junior high school
counselors, secondary school counselors, counselors in
vocational schools, counselors in higher education, and
counselors in community and junior colleges. The counseling
service in the schools is usually located under the student
affairs program. It isunder the supervision of the Dean of
Students Affairs.
2. Counselors in the Community Setting – refers to
employment in community, agency, and other non-school
professional situations. Counselors can be found in the
community and mental health agencies, employment and
rehabilitation agencies, correctional settings, and marriage
and family practice. (Gibson and Mitchell, 2003)
• 3. Counselors in the Private Sector – refers to
counselors who decided to do full-time work as private
practitioners or engage in part-time private practice while
employed by community agencies. This is feasible if the
counselors' expertise and specialization match or relevant
to an adequate client population in the geographicarea.
(Gibson and Mitchell, 2003)
• 4. Counselors in the Government – counselors are also
present in various agencies of government or institutions
supported by the government that is into social welfare,
health, and education. Relevant agencies or institutions
include public schools, public social welfare agencies
such as that for the youth, children, and aging.
•END*