Unit 2:

LEADERSHIP IN
EDUCATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION
By: Caryl B. Paragas, MAEd
Overview
Meaning & Nature of 01
Leadership

Theories of Leadership 02
Styles of Leadership 03
Measurements of 04
Leadership
 Meaning & Nature of
Leadership
Filley, Hose and Bernard T. Bass
Dictionary Kotter, (1990)
Kerr (1977) (1985)

‘the observed ‘Leadership is a

the act of while defining
effect of one set of processes
directing the leadership,
individual’s that creates
activities of distinguished
ability to organizations in
those between the first place or
change other
organized to power, adapts them to
people’s
achieve a authority and significantly
behaviors by
given goal’. influence. altering their changing
motivations.’ circumstances.
Nature of Leadership
1. Process of Influence
2. Continuous Process
3. Arts and Science
4. Related to Situation
5. Functions of Stimulation
6. Rational and Emotional
7. Community of interests
8. Symbolic Relationship
 Principles of Leadership
(US Army, in 1973 )
1. Know yourself and seek self-
improvement
2. Be technically proficient
3. Seek responsibility and take
responsibility for your actions
4. Make sound and timely
decisions
5. Set the example
6. Know your people and look
out for their well-being
 Principles of Leadership
(US Army, in 1973 )
7. Keep your workers informed
8. Develop a sense of
responsibility in your workers
9. Ensure that tasks are
understood, supervised, and
accomplished
10. Train as a team
11. Use the full capabilities of your
organization
 THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

GREAT MAN THEORY TRAIT THEORY

Thomas Carlyle
is based on the study of
1. Leaders are born, they
characteristics of various
are not made
successful and unsuccessful
2. When there is a great
leaders and is used to forecast
need great leaders
efficiency of leadership.
arise
 Directing Leaders: These types of leaders fully use

Situational 01 their authority and define the roles and tasks of the
‘follower’, and supervise them strongly.

Leadership Coaching Leaders: They also define roles and

assumes that the superlative action of
Theory
the leader varies with situational
02 tasks, but at the same time invite the followers for
participation and seek ideas and suggestions from
factors. them.
·Supporting Leaders: These leaders pass everyday
Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational
Leadership Theory 03 decisions, such as task allocation and processes to the
followers. Such leader makes the progress easy and takes
The basic assertion of this theory is part in decisions, but control remains with the follower.
that effective leadership requires
· Delegating Leaders: These leaders are still involved in
flexibility in leadership since different
situations require different leadership 04 decisions and problem-solving, but control is with the
follower. ‘The follower decides when and how the leader
approaches and tactics. will be involved.’
 Behavioral Theory
is based on the assumption that leaders can be made,
rather than are born. This leadership theory is rooted
in behaviorism and focuses on the actions of leaders,
not on qualities or traits. This theory believes that one
can learn to be a leader through teaching and
observation.
Managerial Grid
Theory
A big breakthrough in leadership studies was the
treatment of people and task orientation as two
independent facets

Jane Mouton and Leadership Grid The grid depicted two

Robert Blake According to this theory, the dimensions of leader
propounded a graphic leaders must have concern behavior as well as
representation of for their people as well as concern for people on y-
for the work to be done. axis and production on x-
leadership styles.
axis.
 The five consequential
leadership styles include the
following:

a. Impoverished Management
(1, 1)
b. Country Club (1, 9)
c. Authority – Compliance or
Task management (9, 1)
d. Middle-of-the-Road (5, 5)
e. Team/Earn Management (9,
9)
 Participative Theory
is based on the assumption that the taking part in decision-making improves the
understanding of the issues involved by those who must carry out the decisions.

Not participative Highly participative

Leader
Team
proposes
proposes Full
Autocratic decision, Joint decision
decision, delegation of
decision by listens with team as
leader has final decision to
leader to feedback, equals
decision team
then decides
 THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT
THEORY THEORY
-transactional theories by Max
based on the assumption that the
leader’s ability to lead is dependent Weber & Bernard Bass
upon various situational factors, which -these theory emphasizes the
include the preferred style of leader,
the abilities and performance of role of supervision,
subordinates and also various other organization, and group
situational factors.
performance.
-rewards and punishment
 THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

TRANSFORMATIONAL PATH GOAL THEORY

THEORY -Robert House
This theory assumes that the people
generally follow a person who inspires -The theory is based on the premise
them. that an employee’s perception of
1. Inspirational Motivation: expectancies between his effort and
2. Intellectual Stimulation: performance is greatly affected by a
3. Idealized Influence:
leader’s behavior.
4. Individualized Consideration: