Scribd
Upload
14 views17 pages

wk1 2

The document discusses the fundamentals of data and signals in communication engineering, defining data as a collection of values that convey information. It distinguishes between analog and digital data and signals, explaining their characteristics, including periodic and nonperiodic forms. Additionally, it covers the parameters of sine waves, such as peak amplitude, frequency, and phase, and their representation in time and frequency domains.

Uploaded by

Md Mahfuzar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views17 pages

wk1 2

The document discusses the fundamentals of data and signals in communication engineering, defining data as a collection of values that convey information. It distinguishes between analog and digital data and signals, explaining their characteristics, including periodic and nonperiodic forms. Additionally, it covers the parameters of sine waves, such as peak amplitude, frequency, and phase, and their representation in time and frequency domains.

Uploaded by

Md Mahfuzar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

ICE 3161

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DR. ASIF ZAMAN


PROFESSOR, CSE, RU
DATA AND SIGNALS
• What is Data???
• Data is a collection of discrete or continuous values that
• convey information,
• describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics,
• other basic units of meaning,
• or simply sequences of symbols that may be further
interpreted formally.

TO BE TRANSMITTED, DATA MUST


BE TRANSFORMED TO
ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS.
2 of 17
ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA
• Data can be analog or digital.
– The term analog data refers to Data
information that is continuous
– digital data refers to Analog Digital
information that has discrete
states.

3 of 17
Intensity: strength/power
Signal refers to any time-varying voltage, Signal
ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS
current, or electromagnetic wave that carries
information. Analog Digital

• Signals can be either analog or digital.


• An analog signal has infinitely many levels of intensity over a
period of time.
• A digital signal, on the other hand, can have only a limited
number of defined values.

4 of 17
PERIODIC AND NONPERIODIC
• Both analog and digital signals can take one of two forms:
– periodic or
– nonperiodic Signal

• A periodic signal completes


Analog a pattern
Digital … time frame, (period),
and repeats that pattern over subsequent identical periods.
• The completion of one full pattern is
Periodic called a cycle.
Periodic

• A nonperiodic signal changes without


NonPeriodic exhibiting a pattern or
NonPeriodic
cycle that repeats over time.

5 of 17
PERIODIC ANALOG SIGNALS
Signal

• Periodic analog signals can be Analog Digital

classified as:
- Simple & Periodic NonPeridic Periodic

- Composite
• A simple periodic analog Simple (sine wave) NonPeridic

signal, a sine wave, cannot


Composit
be decomposed into simpler
signals.
• A composite periodic analog
signal is composed of
multiple sine waves.

6 of 17
SINE WAVE
• A sine wave is a geometric
waveform that oscillates
(moves up, down, or side-to-
side) periodically, and is
defined by the function
y = sin x. • A sine wave can be represented by
• In other words, it is an s- three parameters:
shaped, smooth wave that 1. PEAK AMPLITUDE
oscillates above and below zero. 2. FREQUENCY
3. PHASE
• These three parameters fully
describe a sine wave.

7 of 17
Period
refers to the amount of time,
in seconds, a signal needs to
complete 1 cycle.
Frequency
refers to the number of
periods in 1 s.

Period is formally expressed in


seconds. Frequency is formally
expressed in Hertz (Hz), which is
cycle per second
Peak Amplitude
The peak amplitude of a signal is the absolute
value of its highest intensity, proportional
to the energy it carries. For electric signals,
peak amplitude is normally measured
in volts.

8 of 17
• Q: Give us an pictorial example of two signals with same amplitude and phase but
different frequencies???

9 of 17
10 of 17
PHASE

• Phase is measured in degrees or radians.


• 360° ̶» 2π rad
• 1° ̶» 2π/360 rad
• 1 rad ̶» 360/(2π) °

• A phase shift 360 ° … shift of complete period


• A phase shift 180 ° … shift of one-half (½) of a period
• A phase shift 90 ° … shift of one quarter (¼) of a period

11 of 17
12 of 17
13 of 17
14 of 17
TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS
• A sine wave is comprehensively defined by its amplitude,
frequency, and phase.
• We have been showing a sine wave by using what is called a
time-domain plot.

• To show the relationship between amplitude and


frequency, we can use what is called a frequency-domain
plot. 15 of 17
TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS

16 of 17
TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS
• The frequency domain is more compact and useful when we
are dealing with more than one sine wave.

17 of 17

You might also like