Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

2. Indian Model of Management:

 Concept of Indian Model of Management in the Indian socio-political

environment
 Laws of Karma and its relevance in business settings

 Indian Heritage in Business-Management

 Production and Consumption:
Management lessons from Indian heritage scriptures
(like Mahabharata & Ramayana)

 Leadership Pointers from Kautilya’s Arthashastra

 VEDA Model of Leadership

 Corporate Rishi Model

 Theory K, WE theory ( West-East Theory)

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

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 • Oneness or unity is knows as holism
• Personality development depends upon development of harmony, soul, mind &
mental health
• Management practices
1. Planning
2. Recruitment & selection
3. Training
4. Delegation of authority
5. Commitment & accountability
6. Loyalty
7. Responsibility
8. Work culture

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

 Concept of Indian Model of Management in the Indian

socio-political environment
The Indian model of management is a holistic, spiritualistic model that emphasizes
human values and cultural aspects.
It's based on the principles and values found in Indian culture and connected with God
texts like the Gita and Upanishads.
 There are two main principles of Indian model of management, namely human
values and holism.
 Human values refer to the spiritual, ethical and moral values.
 Ethics & spirituality leads to ensuring organisation status & reputation

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 Features of Indian socio-political
environment
1. Focuses on lifestyle
2. Focus towards business policy
3. Lack of national pride & commitment
4. Human orientation & values
5. Plain living high thinking

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Zeal Group of Management Institutes
Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Focuses on Lifestyle
• Indian society emphasizes lifestyle choices deeply rooted in tradition and
culture, such as food, clothing, and rituals.
• A lifestyle focus can include physical activity, sleep, stress management,
mental health, diet, and social interactions.
• Example: The practice of yoga and Ayurveda reflects the Indian focus on
maintaining a healthy lifestyle for holistic well-being, blending physical,
mental, and spiritual health.

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 2. Focus on Business Policy
• The Indian business environment aims to create policies that balance traditional
values with modern economic goals.

• Business policy focuses on defining the overarching goals and "why" behind an
organization's actions, essentially providing a framework for decision-making
across all levels of the company by outlining what the organization aims to achieve
and why it's important, rather than the specific "how" to achieve it; this is in
contrast to a business strategy which details the specific actions and tactics to reach
those goals.

• Example: The "Make in India" initiative focuses on promoting local

manufacturing while integrating global best practices to boost industrial growth.

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 3. Lack of National Pride and Commitment
This reflects the challenges in fostering unity and commitment to national
objectives among some sections of society.
A "lack of national pride and commitment" refers to a situation where citizens
within a country do not feel a strong sense of pride or loyalty towards their nation .
•Example: The delay in addressing issues like cleanliness (highlighted by the
need for campaigns like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan) shows a gap in collective
national pride and responsibility.

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 4. Human Orientation and Values
• Indian culture emphasizes treating others with dignity, promoting fairness,
and upholding moral values.
• The degree to which an organization or society encourages and rewards
individuals for being fair, altruistic, friendly, generous, caring, and kind to
others
•Example: Organizations like Infosys and Tata Group are known for their
people-oriented policies and philanthropic activities that align with Indian values
of helping the community.

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 5. Plain Living, High Thinking
Indian philosophy encourages simplicity in living standards while aspiring for intellectual and
spiritual growth. Living without unnecessary possessions and desires, and being content with what
you have. Having noble thoughts and aspirations, and striving to make a positive difference in the
world
Why it's important
• It can help people avoid stress and tension.
• It can help people live a happier life
• It can help people live in accordance with their limited needs, rather than their unlimited greed
• It can help people live in accordance with the values of compassion, rather than the values of
selfishness, arrogance, and greed
•Example: Mahatma Gandhi, is the ideal example of living a simple life but striving for ideals like
freedom, equality, and justice, which had a global impact.
•These examples show how the socio-political environment in India is shaped by its unique blend of
cultural, spiritual, and practical approaches.
•The Bhagwad Geeta says that simple living and high thinking is the solution to economic problems
•Many great religions encourage simple living and high thinking

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Laws of Karma and its relevance in business

settings
Origin- ‘Kri’ meaning ‘deed’ or ‘act’
Cause & effect or reason & consequences
As you sow, so shall you reap
Karma is divided into three kinds
1. Sanchita : accumulated karma
2. Prarabdha : Fruit bearing karma
3. Kriyamana : Everything that we produce in current life

• Nishkam Karma : action without motive, work without

desire

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 Karma means that our actions have consequences. There are three types of
karma:
1. Sanchita Karma (Stored Karma)
•This is the collection of all past actions (good and bad) from all our lives.
•Example: Suppose you helped many people in your past life. That good karma
is stored and may give you good opportunities in this life.
2. Prarabdha Karma (Present Life Karma)
•This is the portion of stored karma that is now affecting your present life. You
must experience it.
•Example: If someone is born into a rich or poor family, it could be because of
past karma that is now unfolding in this life.

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 3. Kriyamana Karma (Current Actions)
•These are the actions you are doing right now, which will create
future karma.
•Example: If you study hard today, you will pass the exam. If you
cheat, you may face trouble later.
In short:
•Sanchita is past karma waiting to happen.
•Prarabdha is the karma happening now.
•Kriyamana is the new karma you create for the future.

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 •Example: Mahatma Gandhi
•Sanchita Karma: His deep spiritual inclinations and principles may
have been shaped by past life experiences.
•Prarabdha Karma: Being born into a well-off family gave him
access to education and leadership opportunities.
•Kriyamana Karma: His choices—practicing non-violence and
leading India’s freedom struggle—shaped his legacy and future
rebirth.

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

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Zeal Group of Management Institutes
Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Laws of Karma
1. The great law: cause & effect
2. Law of creation: shouldn’t wait for things to happen automatically
3. Law of Humility: realising truth
4. Law of growth: change start from within
5. Law of Responsibility: you’re responsible for your own future
6. Law of connection/ communication: demolish bad experiences from past by having control over present
7. Law of focus: categorise number if goals & work on each
8. Law of giving & hospitality: exhibit commitments towards belief
9. Law of here & now: live in present
10. Law of change
11. Law of patience & reward
12. Law of Significance & Inspiration

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics
1.The Great Law
3.The Law of Humility
Whatever we put into the universe will come back to
We must accept something before we can
us.
change it.
2.The Law of Creation
4. The Law of Growth
Life does not happen by itself; we have to make it
By changing ourselves, we change our lives.
happen.
7. The Law of Focus
5. The Law of Responsibility
We cannot think of two different things at the same
We are responsible for what happens in our lives.
time.
6. The Law of Connection
8. The Law of Giving and Hospitality
The past, the present, and the future are all connected.
Our behavior should match our thoughts and actions.

9. The Law of Here and Now 11. The Law of Patience and Reward
We cannot be present if we are looking backward. The most valuable rewards require persistence.

10. The Law of Change 12. The Law of Significance and Inspiration
History repeats itself until we learn from it and change our Rewards are a result of the effort and energy we put
path. into it.
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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Indian Heritage in Business-

Management

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 • Indian Business in the Past In the early days Indian
economy was totally based on agriculture.
• People used to produce whatever they required for
their self-consumption. There was no need for sale or
exchange of goods.
• But later on, needs of the people increased and so did
the production. People began to specialise in
producing different items of luxury and daily use and
did not have skills and time left for producing others
items of their use.
• However, they were able to produce surplus items
with increase in their efficiency. So, a system of
exchanging surplus items with the items of need was
evolved.
• This was the beginning of trade.

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 Important Contributions of India to the World of Business

●The Numeral and Decimal

● Division of Laboure
System

• Joint Hindu Family • Hundis

Business System

• Emphasis on Quality
• Customer orientation

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 1. The Numeral and Decimal System
• The numeral system of 1, 2, 3, 4, …. referred to as Arabic Numeral
System was borrowed by the Arabs from India around 7th Century AD.
• Later on Europeans learnt it from the Arabs.
• Indians were the first to express the nine numerals together with a zero
sign and place notation. The Great Indian mathematician Aryabhatta’s
(5th century A.D) text clearly implies knowledge of these symbols.
• Aryabhatta calculated the value of pie (π) 3.146 and the lengthy of the
solar year to 365.3586805 days. Both these are remarkably close to
modern estimates

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 2. Joint Hindu Family Business System
• Business, If done in an organized way, with different individuals doing different things in
a systematic manner, gives beneficial results.
• Indians have been running their businesses activities in a very systematic manner
involving all the eligible members of the family in the business since ages before Christ.
• A unique feature of the ancient Indian social life has been the Joint Hindu Family system
wherein all the members of the family including the brothers, sons, and grand children
used to live together under the guidance and supervision of the oldest member of the
family.
• Not only were they a well-knit social unit but they also carried on trade and business as a
joint Hindu family

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 3.Division of Labour
• Division of labour is an indispensable ingredient of any
organization.
• It means individuals should be doing that part of any work in
which they are expert.
• In other words, work should be distributed among individuals on
the basis of specialization.
• Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras, this classification
was based on worldly occupation of people and not on birth.
• The teachers were called brahmanas, rulers and administrators
were called kshatriyas.
• Farmers, merchants and bankers were called vaishyas and
artisans and labourers were called the sudras.

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 4.Hundis
• It has been in use in India since the Mughal period, called ‘hundi’.
• Transfer of money without carrying actual cash from one place to another
and to raise short term credit repayable at another place
• A hundi is a financial instrument used to transfer money, borrow money,
and settle payments.
• It originated in medieval India and is still used today, especially in
informal sectors.
• A hundi is a written order to pay a specific amount of money to a named
person.
• It can be used to transfer money from one place to another, or as a credit
instrument to borrow money.
• It can also be used as a bill of exchange in trade transactions.

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 5. Customer Orientation
• The latest concern of modern business today is how to create
and retain customers.
• For this the focus is now on customers.
• Starting from designing for a product to after sales service of
the product, everything now is customer focused.
• This system was available in India since the ancient time.
• The economy was village based.
• The traders in the village used to know each individual in the
village.
• So, they had knowledge of their customer’s tastes and
preferences.

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 6. Emphasis on Quality
• Indian artisans used to produce goods of best quality and
paid individual attention to the products. This helped them
specialise in producing a typical product, which varied
from area to area and earned them recognition.
• For example, the ancient Indian tribes used to produce the
best variety of steel that prompted even the great king
Selucus of Maurya dynasty to send his men to them to
learn the art of manufacturing swords.
• Hand spun and handmade Indian muslin was the pride of
India.
• Colours used by Indian dyers were of enduring nature. The
blue colour was made by Indian dyers from the herbs and
is therefore commonly called indigo blue. (indikos is a
Greek word meaning ‘of India’).

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 • The famous chikan embroidery work, brass work,
carpet work, Patachitra Paintings, silver filigree work
and many others are examples of the quality items
produced by Indian artisans.

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Management lessons from Indian

Heritage Scriptures : Mahabharata

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 Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Management lessons from

Indian Heritage Scriptures :
• Life lessons Ramayana
• 1. Truth wins
• 2. Unity can overcome any difficulty in life
• 3. Relationships are valuable
• 4. Treat everyone equally
• 5. Always keep good company
• 6. Forgiveness is greater than revenge
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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Management lessons from

Indian Heritage Scriptures :
• Values in Bible:
Holy Bible
• Worship only God
• Respect all people
• Be humble
• Be honest
• Live Moral life
• Be generous with Time & money
• Forgive others , Charity
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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Management lessons from

Indian Heritage Scriptures :
• Obedience & respectHoly Quran
for authority

• Joint consultation

• Equal opportunities

• Motivation & commitment

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

Management lessons from Indian

Heritage Scriptures : Arthshastra
Satyam
Ahimsa
Tolerance
Kindness
Cleanliness
Decision in action
Doing one’s duty
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 •Chanakya was a scholar, chief minister, and advisor to
Chandragupta Maurya.
•He is credited with helping Chandragupta establish the Mauryan
Empire.
•Chanakya is also known as the author of Arthashastra, a book that is
a combination of political philosophy and statecraft.
•Arthashastra is considered an important manual on politics in India.
•It covers topics such as how to organize the state's economy, how to
choose ministers, and how to conduct war.

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 Leadership
•Prioritize citizens: Put the well-being of citizens first to ensure the kingdom's stability
and prosperity
•Be accessible: Leaders should be approachable to understand different perspectives
•Be accountable: Hold people accountable for their work and reward high performers
•Be honest: A leader's foundation is honesty, truthfulness, and straight dealing
•Be self-disciplined: Self-discipline is the most important personal quality of a leader
•Be decisive: A great leader can make decisions and act boldly

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 Decision-making
•Make timely decisions: Avoid lost opportunities by making timely decisions
•Have a backup plan: Have a Plan A and a Plan B
•Consult advisors: Consult advisors for important decisions

Accountability
•Audit financial records: Ensure accountability through regular auditing of
financial records
•Identify shortcomings: Reflect on your shortcomings and identify the
shortcomings of your cabinet
•Take action: Take action to correct shortcomings

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 Indian Models For Corporate Development and Ethical Leadership

• The major goal is to follow values and conduct the

business ethically.
• The concept of honesty and transparency are adopted in
order to contribute uniquely towards practices and
strategic decision making .

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 The VEDA model is a framework for ethical business
practices in India that emphasizes values, ethics, and
dharma. It's also a model for leadership and management.
What does VEDA stand for?
•V: Vision
•E: Enlightenment
•D: Devotion
•A: Action
•Combination of four margas:
•Raj –yoga
•Gyan Yoga
•Bhakti Yoga and
•Karma Yoga
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 How does the VEDA model align with Indian ethos?

•It's based on the Indian ethos of a holistic view of life and

balanced development of individuals and society
•It integrates the four paths to self-realization: Raj yoga, Gyan
yoga, Bhakti yoga, and Karma yoga
•It's a valuable framework for companies to demonstrate their
commitment to ethical business practices

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 How can companies use the VEDA model?

•Companies can use the VEDA model to operate ethically and

responsibly
•They can use it to create positive social and environmental impact
•They can use it to build trust with stakeholders
How can the VEDA model be applied in leadership?
•It can be used to develop a corporate Veda rooted in Vision,
Enlightenment, Devotion, and Action

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 Corporate Rishi Model: Re-
See
• Corporate Rishi Model, is defined in terms of leader's ability to re-
see the things, events, and opportunities as well as threats around
him or her in a new positive perspective
• Self Responsible Individual (SRI) and is Matured
• Considers knowledge creation in terms of
• Rationality- Logical reasoning and systematic analysis
• intuition- Instinctive understanding without conscious reasoning
• revelation -Sudden realization or divine insight.
• in a hierarchical order full circle leaders

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 The Corporate Rishi model is a leadership model that encourages ethical
business practices based on Indian values. It's based on the idea of a Rishi, a sage
or seer with wisdom and spiritual insight.

Principles of the model

•Ethical leadership: Prioritizing the well-being of all stakeholders, including
employees, customers, investors, and the community
•Holistic approach: Recognizing the oneness of all humanity and balancing
subjective qualities with objective factors
•Selfless service: Practicing karma yoga or selfless service through one's work
•Re-seeing reality: Having the ability to see and re-see reality in new ways

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 The K theory
The K theory stands for formation of Kutumbh that
is a family environment in the organization.

 Decision maker – Karta

 Performs –Karma ( Positive Action)
 Human touch – Karuna
 Sacrifice and self- discipline Kesri)
 Welfare of the organization ( Kutumbh)

It inculcates a sense of family and togetherness

among the leaders and managers not only in the
organization but for the whole world.
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 WE Model – EAST VS WEST
 Eastern and Western cultures have a different perception of power
and power distance.
 Eastern cultures tend to have a very hierarchical structure , when
Western cultures are more egalitarian (social equality).
 Western cultures value independence and tend to promote
individuals who are task orientated and individualistic.
 The people are believed in healthy food.
 The dress code us simple or spiritual.
 People are attached to their culture.
 Peoples have good relations with other people, they have strong
unity.
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 Values
•Western: Emphasizes personal achievement,
independence, and self-expression
•Eastern: Emphasizes family, community, and
communal harmony
Communication
•Western: People tend to be more direct in their
communication style
•Eastern: People tend to be more indirect and
use nonverbal cues to convey their message

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 Differences between East and West in the WE
Model:
•Individualism vs. Collectivism:
•Western cultures tend to value individual autonomy and personal
goals, while Eastern cultures prioritize the needs of the group and
social harmony.
•Decision Making:
•In Western societies, decisions are often made more independently,
whereas Eastern cultures may involve wider consultation with
family and community members.

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 •Communication Style:
•Western communication is usually direct and assertive, while Eastern
communication tends to be more indirect and context-dependent to avoid conflict.
•Power Distance:

•Eastern cultures often have a higher power distance, meaning greater respect for
authority figures and hierarchical structures, compared to Western cultures which
tend to be more egalitarian.

Example Countries:
•Western: United States, Canada, most of Western Europe
•Eastern: China, Japan, Korea, India

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 (Marks 5)
a) Discuss any five management lessons should be learnt from the Ramayana.
b) Describe leadership pointers of Kautilya's Arthashastra.

( Marks 10)
a) Explain any five management lessons that should be learnt from the Ramayana

b) What is the model of management in the Indian socio-environment?

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Course Name : Indian Ethos And Business Ethics

• https://motivation.thequotes.net/the-12-laws-of-karma
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmUcxWmhS34

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrQHrvK5pQs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC8Y0Flx3Oc&list=PLwYS8s3wnkGgTzVYJzfKgeq2aURHbEItB
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7vJ31N_aT0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz_anKwjLnU
• https://www.scribd.com/document/427817650/VEDA-Model-of-Leadership-and-Management-Ethics-pdf
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238694791_CORPORATE_RISHI_LEADERSHIP_MODEL_AN_INDIAN_M
ODEL_FOR_CORPORATE_DEVELOPMENT_ETHICAL_LEADERSHIP

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