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The document discusses the evolution and design of structural systems for tall buildings, highlighting innovations that balance material efficiency, stability, and aesthetics. Key historical milestones include the introduction of skeletal frames and tubular systems, leading to modern megatall structures. It also covers various floor framing and lateral load-resisting systems, as well as advanced designs like diagrids and buttressed cores that enhance structural integrity.

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Khadar Ibraham
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12 views

Expanded_Structural_Systems_Presentation_with_Images

The document discusses the evolution and design of structural systems for tall buildings, highlighting innovations that balance material efficiency, stability, and aesthetics. Key historical milestones include the introduction of skeletal frames and tubular systems, leading to modern megatall structures. It also covers various floor framing and lateral load-resisting systems, as well as advanced designs like diagrids and buttressed cores that enhance structural integrity.

Uploaded by

Khadar Ibraham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Systems for Tall Buildings

• Authors: Mir M. Ali & Kheir Al-Kodmany


• Published in Encyclopedia, 2022.

• This presentation examines the evolution,


design, and innovations in the structural
systems that enable the construction of tall
buildings. These systems balance material
efficiency, structural stability, and aesthetic
design to meet the demands of modern
architecture.
Introduction
• Tall buildings emphasize verticality and require
efficient structural systems to counteract
gravity and lateral loads (e.g., wind,
earthquakes). Historical innovations—such as
skeletal frames—revolutionized construction,
transitioning from inefficient masonry to
advanced materials. This evolution paved the
way for iconic skyscrapers.

• [Insert relevant diagram here]


Historical Development
• Key milestones in structural system
innovation:
• - **1885**: Home Insurance Building in
Chicago introduced skeletal steel frames.
• - **1960s**: Fazlur Khan's tubular systems
revolutionized tall building design, optimizing
material usage.
• - **Post-2000s**: Advances in materials and
construction techniques led to megatall
structures (e.g., Burj Khalifa).
Floor Framing Systems
• Key systems used to handle gravity loads in tall
buildings:
• - **Composite Floors**: Combine steel beams
and concrete slabs for strength, speed of
construction, and fire resistance.
• - **Concrete Floors**: Include flat slabs,
waffle slabs, and post-tensioned systems.
These systems are versatile and support long
spans with reduced deflection.
Lateral Load-Resisting Systems
• Lateral systems counteract wind and
earthquake forces:
• - **Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs)**:
Rigidly connected girders and columns provide
flexural resistance.
• - **Braced Frames**: Incorporate diagonal
braces (e.g., X, V configurations) to enhance
lateral stiffness.
• - **Shear Walls**: Reinforced concrete walls
resist shear and bending, ensuring stability.
Core-Outrigger Systems
• These systems use outriggers to link the
central core to perimeter columns:
• - Outriggers enhance lateral stability by
transferring loads between the core and
exterior columns.
• - Belt trusses distribute forces evenly,
minimizing differential column shortening.
• - Example: US Bank building in Milwaukee,
showcasing steel belt trusses.
Tubular Systems
• Developed by Fazlur Khan, these systems
utilize perimeter frames for lateral resistance:
• - **Framed Tube**: Closely spaced exterior
columns connected by deep spandrels (e.g.,
432 Park Avenue).
• - **Braced Tube**: Diagonal braces replace
closely spaced columns (e.g., John Hancock
Center).
• - **Bundled Tube**: Multiple tubes joined for
higher efficiency (e.g., Sears Tower).
Advanced Systems
• Recent innovations in structural systems:
• - **Diagrids**: Lattice-like exterior designs eliminate
vertical columns, providing flexibility and aesthetics
(e.g., Hearst Tower, London Gherkin).
• - **Superframes**: Combine macro floors and
megacolumns for extreme heights.
• - **Buttressed Core**: Y-shaped cores provide stability
for the world's tallest structures (e.g., Burj Khalifa).

• [Insert relevant diagram here]


Case Studies
• Notable buildings showcasing innovative
structural systems:
• - **Shanghai World Financial Center**:
Combines core-outrigger and megatube
systems.
• - **Burj Khalifa**: Uses a buttressed core with
corridor walls for extreme height.
• - **Goldin Finance 117**: Employs
megacolumns and belt trusses for structural
stability.
Conclusion
• Modern structural systems integrate material
efficiency, lateral stability, and aesthetics to
create iconic and resilient buildings.
Innovations like composite systems and
advanced tubular designs ensure that the
skies are not the limit for future architectural
achievements.

• [Insert relevant diagram here]

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