Globalization

Globalization means the speedup

of movements and exchanges (of
human beings, goods, and
services, capital, technologies or
What is cultural practices) all over the
Globalization planet. One of the effects of
? globalization is that it promotes
and increases interactions
between different regions and
populations around the globe.
 When did globalization begin?
HISTORY OF The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade
routes across China, Central Asia, and the
GLOBALIZATION Mediterranean used between 50 B.C.E. and
Globalization is a term 250 C.E., is perhaps the most well-known
used to describe how early example of exchanging ideas,
trade and technology have products, and customs. As with future
made the world into a
more connected and
globalizing booms, new technologies played
interdependent place. It a key role in the Silk Road trade. Advances
also captures in its scope in metallurgy led to the creation of coins;
the economic and social advances in transportation led to the
changes that have come building of roads connecting the major
about as a result. It may empires of the day; and increased
be pictured as the threads
of an immense spider web
agricultural production meant more food
formed over a millennia, could be trafficked between locales. Along
with the number and with Chinese silk, Roman glass, and Arabian
reach of these threads spices, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and
increasing over time. the secrets of paper-making also spread via
these tendrils of trade.
These types of exchanges were accelerated in the Age of
Exploration, when European explorers seeking new sea
routes to the spices and silks of Asia bumped into the
Americas instead. Again, technology played an important
role in the maritime trade routes that flourished between old
and newly discovered continents.
New ship designs and the creation of the magnetic compass
were key to the explorers’ successes. Trade and idea
exchange now extended to a previously unconnected part of
the world, where ships carrying plants, animals, and Spanish
silver between the Old World and the New also carried
Christian missionaries.
The web of globalization continued to spin out through the Age of Revolution,
when ideas about liberty, equality, and fraternity spread like fire from America to
France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves
of industrialization, colonization, and war through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and
twentieth centuries, powered by the invention of factories, railways, steamboats,
cars, and planes.
With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. Advances in
computer and communications technology launched a new global era and
redefined what it meant to be “connected.” Modern communications satellites
meant the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo could be watched in the United States
for the first time. The World Wide Web and the Internet allowed someone in
Germany to read about a breaking news story in Bolivia in real time. Someone
wishing to travel from Boston, Massachusetts, to London, England, could do so in
hours rather than the week or more it would have taken a hundred years ago. This
digital revolution massively impacted economies across the world as well: they
became more information-based and more interdependent. In the modern era,
economic success or failure at one focal point of the global web can be felt in
every major world economy.
 › is the word used to describe the
growing interdependence of the
world’s economies, cultures, and
populations, brought about by
Other Terms cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of
for investment, people, and
Globalization information.

› Is the process by which business,

ideas, and cultures spread across
the world, creating
interconnectedness and
interdependence among nations. It
leads to the blending and exchange
of resources, products, and cultures.
› refers to integration between
people, companies, and
governments. Most noteworthy,
this integration occurs on a
global scale. Furthermore, it is
the process of expanding the
business all over the world. In
Globalization, many businesses
expand globally and assume an
international image.

› can be defined as the stretching

of economic, political, and
social relationships in space
and time.
Types of
Globalization
• Political Globalization Examples:
 NATO
› refers to the diplomatic
negotiations between nation- The North American Treaty Organization is
states. It includes the another multi-national political treaty
established after World War 2.
standardization of global rules
around trade, criminality, and the › NATO’s primary goal is to contain Russian
aggression by creating a military pact. If one
rule of law. NATO nation is attacked, then the rest will
(supposedly) come to their defense. This deters
potential Russian aggression.

 Belt and Road Initiative

› The initiative creates trade routes through over
70 nations and is the centerpiece of China’s
foreign policy. Critics say China’s foreign affairs
strategy often puts small nations in debt to
China so China can leverage political power and
favors in the future.
• Social Globalization Examples:

› Also known as sociological

 What happens in Afghanistan can
globalization, social globalization affect what happens in the United
refers to the integration of our States.
societies. It refers to the idea that we
now live in a shared society.  A contagion in China spreads to
all corners of the world.
 A nuclear weapon in North Korea
can threaten lives in New
Zealand.
• Economic Example:
Globalization Whereas once McDonald’s
› refers to the ways only existed in the USA and
corporations do business as HSBC only existed in the UK,
multinational organizations now these companies are all
nowadays. over the world in a ‘globalized
economy’
• Technological Example:
Globalization The spread of the internet, solar
panel technology and medical
› refers to the spread of technologies – which can all help
technology around the improve the lives of people around
world. the world.
• Financial Examples:
Globalization  Stock Markets
› refers to the ease at › The growth of stock exchanges like the
NYSE and FTSE as well as
which money can be internationalization of financial markets
has made it easier for people to transfer
spread around the money internationally.
world.  Bitcoin
• Cultural Globalization Examples:
› refers to the spread and  The spread of punk music from the UK
and USA around the world in the
mixing of cultures 1970s.
around the world.  The spread of Disney music,
secularism and consumer culture.
 The spread of foods like sushi,
shawarma, pizza, tea, etc.
• Ecological Examples:
Globalization  The hole in the Ozone layer,
which required the world to ban
› refers to the idea that the CFCs.
world needs to be
considered one  Climate Change, which will affect
the poorest nations (particularly
interconnected ecosystem. low-lying nations in the Pacific
This means that the world and South-East Asia) even though
needs to work together to much of the damage is caused by
address ecological issues developed nations like the United
States.
that cross the borders of
nation-states.
• Geographical Example:
Globalization  People can identify as belonging to
multiple geographic regions,
› refers to the idea that especially if they hold multiple
passports.
the world is no longer
 Multi-citizenship
seen as groups of
distinct nations as much
as it once was.
Quotes Related to
Globalization
 “Globalization is a fact, because of
technology, because of an integrated
global supply chain, because of
changes in transportation. And we're
not going to be able to build a wall
around that.”
Barack Obama
 “I think globalization actually maintains
and fosters various elements of national
and cultural identities. I don't think
everything is being homogenized. If
anything, your food, your culture, and your
ethnicity might become part of the
globalized world, and thus absorbed by
other countries.”

Nouriel Roubini
 “Globalization is not a monolithic
force but an evolving set of
consequences - some good, some
bad and some unintended. It is the
new reality.”
John B. Larson
“Globalization is simply opening the
free marketplace to encompass the
entire world.”
P. J. O’Rourke

“Globalization is the process by

which markets integrate worldwide.”
Michael Spence
“Globalization is incredibly efficient but
also so far incredibly unjust.”
Pascal Lamy

“Globalization is a fact of economic

life.”
Carlos Salinas
“Globalization is a complex issue, partly
because economic globalization is only
one part of it. Globalization is greater
global closeness, and that is cultural,
social, political, as well as economic.”

Amartya Sen
References:
› https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/globalization-essay/#:~:text=Globalization%20refers%20to%20integration%20betw
een,and%20assume%20an%20international%20image
.

› https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/globalization

› https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-effects-examples/

› https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization

› https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/globalization/

› https://helpfulprofessor.com/types-of-globalization/