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Department of Collegiate and Technical Education: Electronics and Communication Engineering

The document provides an overview of the 8051 microcontroller, including its pin diagram, clock and instruction cycle, and detailed pin descriptions. It emphasizes the multifunctionality of pins and includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of the microcontroller's features and operations. References for further reading on the 8051 microcontroller are also included.

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chavanakshay1812
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19 views16 pages

Department of Collegiate and Technical Education: Electronics and Communication Engineering

The document provides an overview of the 8051 microcontroller, including its pin diagram, clock and instruction cycle, and detailed pin descriptions. It emphasizes the multifunctionality of pins and includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of the microcontroller's features and operations. References for further reading on the 8051 microcontroller are also included.

Uploaded by

chavanakshay1812
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Collegiate and Technical Education

8051 Microcontroller Pin Diagram


(Module 1)
Session 3

MICROCONTORLLER AND ITS APPLICATIONS(IV Semester)

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


Table of Content
• Pin Diagram

• Detailed Pin Diagram

• 8051 Clock and Instruction Cycle

• Pin out Description

• Multiple choice questions

• References

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


PIN DIAGRAM

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


A pin out of the 8051 packaged in a 40 pin DIP is shown in
figure with the full and abbreviated names of the signals for each
pin.

 It is important to note that many of the pins are used more than
one function .
Not all of the possible 8051 features may be used at the same
time. Programming instructions or physical pin connections
determine the use of any multifunction pins.

Example, port 3 bit 0 may be used as a general purpose I/O pin,


or as an input (RXD) to SBUF, the serial data receiver register.

The system designer decides which of these two functions is to


be used and designs the hardware and software affecting that pin
accordingly. Electronics and Communication Engineering –
Detailed Pin Diagram

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


8051 Clock and Instruction Cycle

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting resonator to
form an oscillator.

 The crystal frequency is the basic internal frequency of the


microcontroller.

8051 is designed to operate between 1MHz to 16MHz and


generally operates with a crystal frequency 11.0592 MHz.

The oscillator formed by the crystal, capacitor and an on-chip


inverter generates a pulse train at the frequency of the crystal.

The clock frequency f establishes the smallest interval to


accomplish any simple instruction.
Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46
The time taken to complete any instruction is called as
machine cycle or instruction cycle.

 In 8051 one instruction cycle consists of 6 states or 12 clock


cycles, instruction cycle is also referred as Machine cycle.

The time to execute that instruction is then found by


multiplying C by 12 and dividing the product by the crystal
frequency:

Electronics and Communication Engineering –


Multiple Choice Question
1. What is the time taken by one machine cycle if crystal frequency is
20MHz?
a) 1.085 micro seconds
b) 0.60 micro seconds
c) 0.75 micro seconds
d) 1 micro seconds
Answer: b
Explanation: Time taken by one machine cycle is calculated by the inverse of a
(crystal frequency) /12

2. The heart of 8051 is the circuitry that generates the clock pulses
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The heart of 8051 is the circuitry that generates the clock pulses by
which all internal operations are synchronized.

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


3 . The operating frequency of 8051 is-------------------
a) 11.0592 MHz
b) 11.0599 MHz
c) 12.0592 MHz
d) 1 MHz
Answer: a
Explanation: 8051 is designed to operate between 1MHz to 16MHz and
generally operates with a crystal frequency 11.0592 MHz

4. The Machine cycle is


a) The time taken to complete specific instruction is called as machine cycle
b) The time taken to complete any instruction is called as machine cycle
c) Both
d) Only b
Answer: d
Explanation: The time taken to complete any instruction is called as machine
cycle or instruction cycle.
Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46
5. In 8051 one instruction cycle consists of 6 states
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: In 8051 one instruction cycle consists of 6 states or 12 clock
cycles, instruction cycle is also referred as Machine cycle.

6. A logic one on this pin disables the microcontroller and clears the
contents of most registers. Which pin is this?

a) RXD
b) TXD
c) RESET
d) GND
Answer: c
Explanation: the positive voltage on this pin resets the microcontroller. By
applying logic zero to this pin, the program starts execution from the
beginning.
Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46
7. The function of PSEN is
a) If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0) appears on it every
time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory.
b) If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic one (1) appears on it every
time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory.
c) Only a
d) Only b
Answer: c
Explanation: PSEN is active low in order to activate, logic zero (0) should appear on it.
8. Find the machine cycle for AT89C51 if XTAL = 11.0592MHz.
a) 90.42us
b) 361.68us
c) 1.085us
d) 150.145us
Answer: c
Explanation: Machine cycle = No.of cycles/frequency
Time = 1/frequency
Time(ns) = 1/11.0592MHz
= 90.42ns
Machine cycles = 12*90.42
= 1.085us.

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


9. A oscillator formed by the crystal, inductor and an on-chip inverter
generates a pulse train at the frequency of the crystal.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The oscillator formed by the crystal, capacitor and an on-chip
inverter generates a pulse train at the frequency of the crystal.

10. Which of the ports act as the 16 bit address lines for transferring data
through it?
a) PORT 0 and PORT 1
b) PORT 1 and PORT 2
c) PORT 0 and PORT 2
d) PORT 1 and PORT 3

Answer: c
Explanation: PORT 0 and PORT 2 are used as the 16 bit address lines where
PORT0 act as lower bit address lines and PORT 2 as higher bit address lines.
Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46
11. What is the constant activation rate of ALE that is optimized periodically
in terms of an oscillator frequency?
a. 1 / 8
b. 1 / 6
c. 1 / 4
d. 1 / 2
Answer: b
Explanation: In 8051 one instruction cycle consists of 6 states or 12 clock cycles.
12. Why are the resonators not preferred for an oscillator circuit of 8051?
a. Because they do not avail for 12 MHz higher order frequencies
b. Because they are unstable as compared to quartz crystals
c. Because cost reduction due to its utility is almost negligible in comparison to
total cost of microcontroller board
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: 8051 is designed to operate between 1MHz to 16MHz and generally
operates with a crystal frequency 11.0592 MHz

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46


REFERENCES
[1]. “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems – using
assembly and C”, Muhammad Ali Mazidiand Janice Gillespie Mazidi
and Rollin D. McKinlay; PHI, 2006 / Pearson, 2006.

[2]. “The 8051 Microcontroller”, Kenneth J. Ayala, 3rd Edition,


Thomson/Cengage Learning.

[3]. “The 8051 Microcontroller Based Embedded Systems”, Manish


K Patel, McGraw Hill, 2014, ISBN:978-93-329-0125-4.

[4]. “Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming, Interfacing and


System Design”, Raj Kamal, PearsonEducation, 2005.

[5]https://www.sanfoundry.com/microcontroller-mcqs-von-
newmann-harward-architecture/
Electronics and Communication Engineering – 18EC46
Thank you
Dr. Rangaraju H G GSKSJTI, Bangalore
Dr. Revanna C R GEC,Ramanagara
Dr. Neelappa GEC, Kushalnagar
Dr. Imran Khan GEC, Ramanagara
Prof. Prathibha S GEC, Ramanagara

Prof. Karibasappa GEC, Kushalnagara


Prof. Nandeesha R GEC, KR.Pete

Prof. Fazaludden DM GEC,Karwar

Electronics and Communication Engineering – 17EC72

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