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HARDWARE COMPONENT 1 & 2

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HARDWARE COMPONENT 1 & 2

Uploaded by

hellobyyellow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HARDWARE

OF COMPONENTS 1
Definition of a Computer

“An electronic device that accepts data


(input), manipulates the data (process),
produces. information based on the
manipulation (output) and stores the results
(storage)”
Functions of a Computer
•The four operations are referred to as the
information processing cycle: Input, Process,
Output, and Storage.
•Computers transform raw data into
information
•People who use this information are referred
to as end users, computer users or users
Introduction to Computer Hardware

Hardware is everything you can touch and see

Examples: Monitor, hard drive, CD-ROM, computer cables,


keyboard, mouse, modem, printer, etc.
Components of a Computer
• There are four components to a computer
– Input Devices
– Processor Unit
– Output Devices
– Auxiliary Storage Devices
Input Devices
• Input Devices enable the user to enter data
into memory
• Examples of input devices:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Scanner
– Touch Screen Input
– OCR
The Processor Unit
• The Processor Unit is comprised of two
components:
– Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Memory
The Processor
CPU
• Interprets instructions to the computer
• Performs logical and arithmetic operations
• Causes the input and output operations to
occur
• A Pentium Pro Microprocessor can perform
approximately 250 million instructions per
second (MIPS)
CPU TYPES
• Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD),
Motorola, Cyrix
• X86 family of processors: 8080, 8086,
8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium (P5),
Pentium Pro, Pentium II
• MMX - additions to the CPU programming
that allow for better and faster multimedia
tasks like graphics and sound.
Computer Memory
• RAM - Random Access Memory
– Computer’s primary storage of data to be
processed
– Silicon chips that store data and instructions as
electronic currents
– CPU can manipulate electrical currents
– Contents of RAM will be lost when power is
turned off
Computer Memory
• Usually measured in MB or KB (e.g.: 8 MB
of RAM)
• 1000 KB approximately = 1 MB
• 1 MB contains approximately 500 pages of
text information.
• More RAM = faster processing rate
• Applications determine how much RAM
needed
Computer Memory
• ROM - Read Only Memory
– Instructions and data are hard coded on the
silicon chips
– Examples: BIOS (Basic Input-Output System)
• gives computer the initial instructions to get it
started once computer is turned on.
Next Class

HARDWARE
OF COMPONENTS 2
HARDWARE
OF COMPONENTS 2
Cache
• Temporary holding area where the system
stores frequently accessed information
• Allows the processor to operate faster
Output Devices
• Output Devices make the information
resulting from processing available for use
• Examples of Output Devices:
– Printers
– Computer Screens
– Speakers
Computer Screens
• Also called monitor or Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT)
• Flat panel screens - LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display)
• Screen is made up of pixels
Auxiliary Devices
• Also know as Secondary Storage Devices
• Examples of Auxiliary Devices:
– Floppy Disks
– Hard Drives
– CD-ROM
– Tape Backup Drives
– ZIP Drives
Floppy Disks
• Two Types of floppy drives
– 1.2 MB 5.25”
– 1.44 MB 3.5”
• Advantages
– Inexpensive
– Portable
Floppy Disks
• Disadvantages:
– Slow access time
– Low capacity

• Access time is measured in milliseconds


(ms)
• Formatting and protecting floppy disks
Hard Disks
• Secondary Storage Device
• Able to store large amounts of data
• Internal vs External
• Storage measured in MB’s or GB’s
CD-ROM
Compact disk read-only memory disks are
used to store large amounts of prerecorded
information
Modem
• Device that allows transfer of data over
phone lines (internet access, faxing, etc..)
THANK YOU

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