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IPv4 & IPv6

IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, utilizing a 32-bit addressing scheme to identify devices on a network, but it faces limitations such as address exhaustion and lack of built-in security. IPv6, the successor to IPv4, employs a 128-bit addressing scheme, providing a vastly larger address space and improved security features, including mandatory IPSec encryption. While IPv6 offers significant advantages over IPv4, such as auto-configuration and better routing efficiency, its adoption is hindered by compatibility issues and the need for infrastructure upgrades.

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4 views

IPv4 & IPv6

IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, utilizing a 32-bit addressing scheme to identify devices on a network, but it faces limitations such as address exhaustion and lack of built-in security. IPv6, the successor to IPv4, employs a 128-bit addressing scheme, providing a vastly larger address space and improved security features, including mandatory IPSec encryption. While IPv6 offers significant advantages over IPv4, such as auto-configuration and better routing efficiency, its adoption is hindered by compatibility issues and the need for infrastructure upgrades.

Uploaded by

23011598-133
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPv4 &

IPv6
What is IPv4?

• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet


Protocol (IP).
• It is used to identify devices on a network using a unique 32-bit
address.
• IPv4 addresses are written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
• Features of IPv4:
Connectionless protocol
Uses a 32-bit addressing scheme
Supports up to 4.3 billion unique addresses
Uses subnetting to manage networks efficiently
How IPv4 Works?

• Process of IPv4 Communication:


Packet Creation: Data is broken into small packets.
Addressing: Each packet has a source and destination IPv4 address.
Routing: Routers forward packets based on destination IP addresses.
Delivery: The packet reaches the target device and is reassembled.

• IPv4 Addressing Methods:


Unicast: One-to-one communication
Broadcast: One-to-all communication
Multicast: One-to-many communication
Functions of IPv4

• Key Functions of IPv4:


Addressing: Assigns unique IP addresses to devices.
Routing: Determines the best path for data transfer.
Fragmentation & Reassembly: Splits large packets into smaller ones for
transmission.
Error Handling: Uses protocols like ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for
error reporting.

• Limitations of IPv4:
Limited address space (exhaustion of IPs)
Lack of built-in security features
No automatic device configuration
IPv4 Security Functions

• Security Features in IPv4:


Network Address Translation (NAT) – Hides internal IPs for security.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) – Encrypts and secures data (optional
in IPv4).
Access Control Lists (ACLs) – Helps filter and control traffic.
Firewalls – Monitors and blocks unauthorized access.
• Security Weaknesses:
No built-in encryption
Vulnerable to DDoS, spoofing, and MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attacks
Relies on external security solutions
Advantages & Disadvantages of
IPv4
• Advantages:
Simple and widely used
Supports NAT to extend address space
Compatible with most networks
Well-established security tools
• Disadvantages:
Limited number of addresses (IP exhaustion)
Lacks built-in security
Complex subnetting for large networks
Performance issues due to fragmentation
• Solution: IPv6 was introduced to overcome IPv4’s limitations.
Introduction to IPv6

• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the latest version of the Internet


Protocol, designed to replace IPv4.
• It uses a 128-bit addressing scheme, allowing for a much larger
address space.
• IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal format (e.g.,
2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334).
• Key Features:
Supports 340 undecillion IP addresses
Eliminates the need for NAT (Network Address Translation)
Better security & efficiency compared to IPv4
How IPv6 Works?

• Process of IPv6 Communication:


Packets are created and assigned source & destination IPv6 addresses.
Routers forward packets based on the destination address.
Uses Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) instead of ARP for address
resolution.
Packets reach the target device and are processed.
• IPv6 Addressing Types:
Unicast – One-to-one communication
Multicast – One-to-many communication
Anycast – One-to-nearest communication
Functions of IPv6

• Main Functions:
Larger Address Space – Supports more devices on the internet.
Simplified Routing – Reduces the need for complex subnetting.
Auto-Configuration – Devices can generate their own IP addresses.
Eliminates NAT – Direct end-to-end communication.
Better Quality of Service (QoS) – Improved traffic prioritization.
• Key Improvement Over IPv4:
No broadcast traffic (uses multicast & anycast)
No manual IP assignment needed
Enhanced performance and scalability
IPv6 Security Functions

• Built-in Security Features:


IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is mandatory – Provides encryption &
authentication.
End-to-End Encryption – More secure than IPv4.
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) Protection – Prevents address
spoofing.
Privacy Extensions – Hides user identity in public networks.
• Security Challenges:
Slow adoption – Many networks still rely on IPv4.
Compatibility issues – Older systems may not fully support IPv6.
New attack vectors – IPv6 introduces new security threats that need
updated defense mechanisms.
Advantages & Disadvantages of
IPv6
• Advantages:
Nearly unlimited IP addresses
Built-in security (IPSec) for encryption
Faster & more efficient routing
Supports auto-configuration (reduces manual work)
• Disadvantages:
Not fully compatible with IPv4 networks
Requires new hardware & software upgrades
Complex transition process from IPv4
Slow adoption rate due to legacy infrastructure
• IPv6 is the future of the internet, offering better security, scalability, and
performance!

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