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Lecture 9 OLAP

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is a software category that allows users to analyze data from multiple perspectives, aiding in business intelligence tasks such as financial reporting and sales forecasting. It utilizes data cubes for multidimensional analysis and includes operations like roll-up, drill-down, slice, dice, and pivot. While OLAP offers advantages like quick scenario analysis and consistent information, it also has disadvantages such as complex schema requirements and time-consuming updates.

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2 views22 pages

Lecture 9 OLAP

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is a software category that allows users to analyze data from multiple perspectives, aiding in business intelligence tasks such as financial reporting and sales forecasting. It utilizes data cubes for multidimensional analysis and includes operations like roll-up, drill-down, slice, dice, and pivot. While OLAP offers advantages like quick scenario analysis and consistent information, it also has disadvantages such as complex schema requirements and time-consuming updates.

Uploaded by

subham baghar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code : R1UC704T Name: Enterprise Resource Planning

Topic-9
OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name:B.Tech(CSE)
Objective

• OLAP (online analytical processing)


• How is OLAP Technology Used?
• OLAP cube:
• Four types of analytical OLAP operations
• Types of OLAP systems
• Advantages of OLAP
• Disadvantages of OLAP

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

• OLAP (online analytical processing) is a category of software that enables users


to easily and selectively extract and query data in order to analyze it from
different points of view.

• OLAP business intelligence queries often aid in trends analysis, financial


reporting, sales forecasting, budgeting and other planning purposes.
• For example, a user can request that data be analyzed to display a
spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products sold in
Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for
the same products in September and then see a comparison of other
product sales in Florida in the same time period.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

• It is the foundation for many kinds of business applications for Business


Performance Management, Planning, Budgeting, Forecasting, Financial
Reporting, Analysis, Simulation Models, Knowledge Discovery, and Data
Warehouse Reporting.

• OLAP enables end-users to perform ad hoc analysis of data in multiple


dimensions, thereby providing the insight and understanding they need for
better decision making.

• OLAP databases are divided into one or more cubes. The cubes are designed in
such a way that creating and viewing reports become easy. OLAP stands for
Online Analytical Processing.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ How is OLAP Technology Used?


• To facilitate this kind of analysis, data is collected from multiple data
sources and stored in data warehouses then cleansed and organized into
data cubes.
• Each OLAP cube contains data categorized by dimensions (such as
customers, geographic sales region and time period) derived by
dimensional tables in the data warehouses.
• Dimensions are then populated by members (such as customer names,
countries and months) that are organized hierarchically.
• OLAP cubes are often pre-summarized across dimensions to drastically
improve query time over relational databases.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ OLAP cube:

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Basic analytical operations of OLAP


• Four types of analytical OLAP operations are:
1. Roll-up
2. Drill-down
3. Slice
4. dice
5. Pivot (rotate)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Roll-up
• Roll-up is also known as "consolidation" or "aggregation. this operation
summarizes the data along the dimension.

• In this example, cities New jersey and Lost Angles and rolled up
into country USA
• The sales figure of New Jersey and Los Angeles are 440 and 1560
respectively. They become 2000 after roll-up
• In this aggregation process, data is location hierarchy moves up
from city to the country.
• In the roll-up process at least one or more dimensions need to be
removed. In this example, Cities dimension is removed.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Drill-down
• In drill-down data is fragmented into smaller parts. It is the opposite of
the rollup process.
• Consider the diagram above
• Quarter Q1 is drilled down to months January, February, and
March. Corresponding sales are also registers.
• In this example, dimension months are added.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Slice:
• Here, one dimension is selected, and a new sub-cube is created.
• Dimension Time is Sliced with Q1 as the filter.
• A new cube is created altogether.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Dice:
• This operation is similar to a slice. The difference in dice is you select 2
or more dimensions that result in the creation of a sub-cube.
• Dimension Time is Sliced with Q1 as the filter.
• A new cube is created altogether.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Pivot:
• Analysts can gain a new view of data by rotating the data axes of the
cube.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Types of OLAP systems


• OLAP (online analytical processing) systems typically fall into one of three
types:
• Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) is OLAP that indexes directly into a
multidimensional database.
• Relational OLAP (ROLAP) is OLAP that performs dynamic
multidimensional analysis of data stored in a relational database.
• Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) is a combination of ROLAP and MOLAP. HOLAP
was developed to combine the greater data capacity of ROLAP with the
superior processing capability of MOLAP.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Types of OLAP systems.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


OLAP (online analytical processing)

❑ Advantages of OLAP
• OLAP is a platform for all type of business includes planning, budgeting, reporting,
and analysis.
• Information and calculations are consistent in an OLAP cube. This is a crucial benefit.
• Quickly create and analyze "What if" scenarios
• Easily search OLAP database for broad or specific terms.
• OLAP provides the building blocks for business modeling tools, Data mining tools,
performance reporting tools.
• Allows users to do slice and dice cube data all by various dimensions, measures, and
filters.
• It is good for analyzing time series.
• Finding some clusters and outliers is easy with OLAP.
• It is a powerful visualization online analytical process system which provides faster
response times
Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)
OLAP (online analytical processing)
❑ Disadvantages of OLAP
• OLAP requires organizing data into a star or snowflake schema. These
schemas are complicated to implement and administer

• You cannot have large number of dimensions in a single OLAP cube

• Transactional data cannot be accessed with OLAP system.

• Any modification in an OLAP cube needs a full update of the cube. This is a
time-consuming process

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)

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